Although the stock market a Aihong, many stocks have dropped in only 1.0, the market chopped waist, remaining on the TOPIX index of less than 3,000 points, the minimum has fallen over 2,500 points, but there are still some in the bear market in stocks contrarian up, some Stock prices have nearly doubled, with an outstanding performance of the plate is the concept of the Olympic Games.
With the opening of the Olympic Games draws near, the Olympic Games Quotes extremely strong. 7, the Shanghai and Shenzhen exchanges Olympic concept, aviation all rose plate, a number of stocks limit the concept of the Olympic Games, the entire plate more than 80 stocks rose an average of more than 6 percent.
Data showed that from June 20, the Olympic plate accumulated an average of 22 per cent, led the Beijing Olympic tourism accumulated rose 93.33 percent, CYTS also rose 57.47 percent, Quan Jude rose 52.69 percent, in the body Industry rose 40.87 percent, Xidan Shopping Centre, the Chinese International Trade, and other units or have accumulated in more than 35 per cent.
CITIC Securities analyst Jian Huang Jian vote, said: "excessive speculation by the accumulation of pressure will make the 'Olympic bubble' face the risk of bursting, the current Olympic plates, the average price-earnings ratio close to 150 times the equivalent of the A-share market average price-earnings ratio Three times, most of the so-called 'Olympic concept stocks' has been reduced to' junk stocks'. "
Floating capital to besiege the Olympic concept stocks
Beijing tourism on the 7th release in 2008 interim results notice said it expected 2008 net profit to -1066 million medium-term, than the 2007 January-June year-on-year loss of 100% -150% increase. Access to Information, in the first quarter, net profit for the Beijing Tourism -948 million and net income over the same period of last year, 88.38 percent.
It is worth noting that, since June 17-July 7 Total 15 trading days, the Beijing Tourism shares from the original lowest point all the way Shirupozhu to 11.70 yuan rose to the highest intraday 25.87 yuan, or reached a staggering total of 121 % Of the market well-known "Olympic first Niugu."
Tourism in Beijing has seven consecutive trading days Huan Shoushuai more than 13 per cent, while July 4, 7, 8 of Huanshou Shuai reached 20 percent, 34.60 percent, 30.19 percent. Therefore, this series of moves by experts characterized as the floating capital for speculation.
Guotai Junan analyst Zhang wise that: "The panel started to take off from the duration of about half a month, this is hot money 'Duan Pingkuai' style of the speculation, combined with 9, 10 two days of declines, the idle funds in Batches escape. "
, Followed by the United States in the 8th brigade announced that it expects performance of the first half of 2008 than the same period last year reduced by 50 percent or more. United States tour last year's net profit for the 16.3639 million yuan, according to a reduction of 50% of the joint brigade of the first half of this year net profit of about 800 million.
Journalists in the survey found that in some sections Olympic performance has not changed even a loss, but shares such as the Tuojiang Broncos have a few stocks. The plate since July 1, there have been several times in first or the brilliant performance, but in the July 7 market rose 5 percent of the cases, the data showed that the plate a large number of sell orders, stock prices rose trigger hot money - High shipments desire. Increase from the 9.12 percent intraday narrowed to 5.82 percent at the close. On the 8th and the market continues to rise, but the overall decline in the Olympic plate has reached 5.42%.
Therefore, the letter of the Securities vice president of research and development centers Liu Jingde, the Olympic short-term gain great concept stocks likely to face pressure on the pullback, is now close to the Olympic concept stocks at the end of speculation, will be more volatility.
Jian Huang believes that the current trend, at the approach of the Olympic Games less than a month's time, the Olympic concept stocks became a breakthrough on the subject of hot money, once they are profit taking, the callback rate will be more obvious.
"Encountered a similar retail stocks in the beginning if there is no intervention, then it should not Zhuizhang operation, because the speculation is no floating capital value of the stock for the foundation, retail, once trapped on the hard Quanshenertui. From the current situation , Once the Beijing Tourism Su Liang, the end of the market. "Jian Huang said.
Olympic into a catalyst for stocks Quotes
In preparation for the Olympic Games, Beijing plans to build urban infrastructure input 180 billion yuan, 142 key construction projects. Construction, real estate, building materials, environmental protection, and other industries will certainly benefit from it, from June 20, the building materials industry Jidong Cement rose 31.3 percent.
"Green Olympics" concept as one of the Beijing Olympics, the need to lay the foundation for the Olympic Games preparatory period, the water supply mainly to the pioneering industry shares rose 34.3 percent. As Beijing's largest real estate development companies, one of the Beijing Urban Construction also rose 39.4 percent.
However, Liu Jingde, the Olympic Games of Beijing real estate are supporting role, but little effect on nature, is a "catalyst" role, because people generally do not buy a house specifically to look at the Olympics, unless it is speculative The. The long term, capital-and the process of urbanization is the real needs of real estate, short-term "Olympic" is only as a subject to speculation.
Reporter also learned that, due to the reorganization of assets变身media stocks, hear the media (000793. SZ) shares less than the initial three yuan, the impact of the Olympic Market, the highest in the last year had reached 16.29 yuan.
"Olympics ended, tourists and residents may want to mark the left, then the Olympic licensed products manufacturers access to business opportunities." Said Liu Jingde, Eastern Jin-yu (600086. SH) as an example, their access to the Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee Decoration authorized production of precious metals and other Olympic merchandise concessionaire. This stock from the lowest per share less than 2 yuan, the highest reached 19.80 yuan, or nearly 10 times.
It is learnt that the Quan Jude's interim results as early as April 23 on notice to down 30 percent to 40 percent. Quan Jude a quarter of negative cash flow to the company's business has brought haze, but also to its valuation has decreased significantly.
Galaxy Securities analyst Wang Chen said that because of the Olympics, although this year Quan Jude the capital gains rate may be slightly higher than last year, but its earnings per share and last year should be broadly balanced, so simple from the book value of the company, all Jude is obviously over-estimated, but can not be quantified with the cultural values, it can not predict, which is like no one knows the history of Maotai wine culture in the end how to quantify the value of the same.
"Wu Chao Quan Jude is no doubt floating capital, so good for the Olympic concept of enterprises, a premium is also very normal things, but we have to pay attention to risk, smart approach is to limit all the way Jiancang all the way along the MA can do to avoid Many risk. "Wang said so.
Olympic difficult to market or lasting
For such hot topics, how can there be "junk stocks," say » For reporter's question, Liu Jingde exposed: "As the market after speculation over the speculation, many of the Olympic concept of stocks has increased its overdraft space." In fact, that overdraft is not alarmist talk.
The Olympic plate 150 times the average price-earnings ratio, Wang Chen that the absolute valuation Olympic plates have been too high. "Olympics is for the relevant listed companies have a positive impact, but quickly turned into 'speculation,' in the current round of adjustments, 'the concept of the Olympic Games' has been purely speculation, the agencies are not concerned."
According to Wind, the concept of the Olympic Games shares the current valuation generally high. Like Gehuayouxian dynamic price-earnings ratio of 44 times, CYTS is 48 times that of Beijing tourism, Shoulvgufen were as high as 51 times and 57 times that of Air China's slightly lower, but there are also 25 times, and in Shanghai 300 of the deep dynamic city should be surplus rate of only 16 times.
Such figures can not but some market participants began to worry, Wang pointed out that only the Olympic Games on some companies do not promote sustained growth, the current stock of the situation of excessive overdrafts, investors must pay attention to.
"If not support the concept of the Olympic Games, these stocks are difficult to maintain such a high price-earnings ratio of." Wang Chen think so.
"Long-term perspective, the Olympic plate in the speculative factors to stimulate the 'Jiquan ascending to heaven' difficult situation, there will be a differentiation between the units, some of the infrastructure, environmental services, and real estate stocks are still a good performance is expected to do something. "-Wise so that those who took advantage of the opportunity for speculation or can not withstand scrutiny, medium and long-term performance of stocks of uncertainty, investors will need extra" Watch. "
But in stocks, he suggested that investors should be rational and not blindly follow suit. Or from the medium and long-term performance to consider, we should be able to see their three to five years of earnings growth conditions.
2008-07-11
Diabetes patients scientific diet
"Shugan for gas, one of six" control diabetes - diabetes diet
-- "Shugan for gas, and six one" diabetes prevention and treatment of the four series of popular science lectures
A large number of scientific data confirmed that the incidence of diabetes and diet is closely related to changes in the structure of
Reasonable to adjust the structure so that the diet tends to science, treatment and prevention is an effective way to diabetes. This is what we usually say the diet. It is the first diabetes treatment, now has more than 100 years of history. To sum up, diet therapy in the treatment of diabetes can play a role in the following areas:
1, to provide the physical needs of nutrition, improve the health status of patients, to maintain the standard weight.
2, reduce the burden on islet B cells, to control postprandial hyperglycemia.
3, to correct metabolic disorders, blood sugar and blood lipids as close as possible to normal levels.
4, prevention and treatment of low blood sugar, ketoacidosis and other acute complications.
5, preventing and delaying the cardiovascular, kidney, retina, the nervous system, such as a chronic complications.
Second, the treatment of diabetes diet common errors
Diet for treatment of diabetes although a long time, but the main theory is derived from the medical knowledge and personal experience of the doctors concluded, and not a reliable, standard approach to verification, in schools and many divergent in the diet, with the A study in-depth understanding of the many have been found to be undesirable, or even wrong, it is summarized as follows:
1, limit the intake of carbohydrates, advocated low-sugar diet, buckwheat and other staples to the so-called low-sugar food-oriented perspective. The study, to these long-term coarse grain-based Although the short term can reduce the patients blood sugar levels, but not very good and long-term control of blood sugar, and can lead to patients increasingly frail physique, a chronic digestive system and other gastrointestinal inflammation, but not conducive to disease control .
2, only partial attention to the improvement of symptoms, while ignoring the overall condition, the impact of prevention and treatment of complications. If only that low-sugar and high-protein diet, although short-term control of blood sugar may improve symptoms, but long-term kidney burden will be heavier, evoked the risk of diabetic nephropathy.
3, the blind pursuit of effective management of stress, while ignoring the patient's individual characteristics, needs, psychological, leading to poor patient compliance, we can not uphold for a long time, the treatment failure.
4, too much emphasis and reliance on drug treatment, the treatment of attention to diet, are still followed in the former eating habits.
Third, the principle of treating diabetes diet
1, to control the total calories
First of all diabetes diet control to achieve the total calorie control, but the total calorie control is not simply a staple food control, but including the staple food, Fusi, especially high-calorie Fushi such as meat, eggs, milk, all the heat, Comprehensive calculation method to consider the patient's age, gender, height, weight, labor intensity, and other factors. One of the heat demand is the greatest impact weight and labor intensity, we should focus on consideration. Specific steps calculated as follows:
(1) calculating standard weight
Standard weight (kg) = height (cm) -105 (cm)
When the actual weight of more than 10% for the overweight, over 20% for obesity, more than 40% of severe obesity. The actual weight of less than the standard weight for weighing less than 10 percent, less than 20% for the thinner.
(2) calculation of body mass index
Body mass index (BMI) = actual body weight (kg) / [height × height (m2)], body mass index (BMI) of 20-24 in the normal range; BMI greater than 24 are overweight; BMI greater than 27 are obese.
(3) calculating the total calories
Calculation of total calories children: 1-year-old children need to heat about 1000 Kcal, for every subsequent increase in the age of 100 Kcal, such as the 5-year-old at 1400 Kcal, 10-year-old at 1900 Kcal.
Adolescent calories calculation: the growth and development to meet the needs of women of the daily calories needed for the 2400 Kcal, male-3000 Kcal.
Adult calculation of the total calories press table:
The labor intensity of different weight to be diabetic man-days heat meters
Labor intensity
Weight loss (kcal / kg)
Normal (kcal / kg)
Obesity (kcal / kg)
Light manual
35
30
20-25
Medium manual
40
35
30
Heavy manual
45-50
40
35
Pregnant women, breastfeeding women, malnutrition and disease expendable, as appropriate, an increase of 10% -20% over the age of 60 elderly people because of physical activity on the need to reduce the total calories can be reduced by 20 percent to 30 percent long-term exercise therapy in patients with diabetes, According to the actual situation changes daily calories; addition, in the calculation should also consider, as appropriate, the original patients living habits, developed by the total calories for both practical and scientific basis.
2. Reasonable arrangements for various nutritional ingredients
In total calories certain circumstances, how the various nutritional ingredients proportion of diabetes is very important. With the in-depth clinical research and treatment improvements, awareness of the issue generated a lot of changes from the original low-sugar diet develop a new understanding to the present: to increase the heating of carbohydrates and increase fiber components, to give adequate Protein, less fat and cholesterol and sodium intake.
(1) sugar (carbohydrate)
Sugar is the main source of body heat, per gram of sugar can provide 4 kilocalories. Normal body heat for 65-80 percent of sugar from food. Sugar is also human neural cells and antibodies and hormones in some important elements. In addition, there are resistance sugar-fat health, completely involved in fat oxidation, to prevent excessive ketone production, glucose metabolism can also save for the protein and is conducive to protein synthesis.
But the sugar content of food intake can cause elevated blood sugar diabetes, diabetes Clinical Practice has proved that people should be restricted carbohydrate diet, but not limit too low, otherwise it difficult to control disease. Under normal circumstances, the carbohydrate in the proportion of total calories should not be less than 50 percent. The fasting plasma glucose normal light diabetes, high glucose (65% -80%) can improve glucose tolerance, raising organizations to insulin sensitivity. The fasting plasma glucose increased significantly (> 11.1 mmol / L) of heavier patients with diabetes, should be appropriate restrictions on sugar intake, but not less than 200 grams, and to consider appropriate to increase fiber intake.
Sugar is the cereal, root class, beans, nuts of the major components of food. In addition vegetables, fruits also contain some sugar. How do I choose these foods from the following two aspects to consider:
First, the reference to the glycemic index food choices of food. Glycemic index refers to the consumption of 50 grams of sugar this type of food measured after two hours of postprandial glucose and eating 50 grams of glucose measured after the two hour blood glucose ratio, this value is the reaction of different food on blood sugar impact.
Different food glycemic index (GI) value is different. The first is the presence of different amounts of food and different types of sugar, we collectively referred to as carbohydrates, including sugar single, double sugar, polysaccharides. And the use of these sugar absorption is not the same. Different sugar in the intestine to digest and absorb the speed is different, so the appreciation on postprandial glucose is different.
GI values can guide the diabetic patients in choosing food. Diabetes in the process of choosing their food should be noted: (1) Food categories: GI value of food varies according to different types of food (detailed in the table below), (2) Food processing: food-processing methods can also affect blood sugar, starch, for example is the same Health and potato lower GI value, cook after a relatively high (3) food ingredients and dietary pattern: If the food is not in the composition of multi-Yi Xiaohua, GI value will be lower, such as whole-wheat bread, whole grains to breakfast Than refined white bread and cereal low GI value; Individual consumption of noodles, rice porridge, high-GI value, if at the same time will reduce the consumption of vegetables and many. It must be pointed out that the fat such as fat, oil, butter can reduce the glycemic index, but also excessive consumption will have adverse impact on diabetes.
Some GI food glycemic index value (%)
88 large rice
Glutinous rice 87
General wheat noodles 81.6
Beef noodle soup 88.6
Black Granule 50
All 69 bread flour
Based on the table, <55% for the low GI food, 55 percent to 70 percent in the GI food, GI value, the lower the smaller the impact on postprandial glucose, the lower the glycemic index, the formation of blood sugar, the lower speed. Therefore, patients with diabetes can "glycemic index" to choose food, make scientific dining, dining on blood sugar to reduce the impact.
Second, the need to consider the food is absorbed blood sugar reached a peak of the time difference: the fastest glucose, the general consumption of 0.5 hours and peak, reached the peak sugar 1 hour, starch 1.5 hours of peak, reached the peak of protein three hours. In the choice of food and drugs should be as much as possible so that blood sugar reached the peak time and hypoglycemic drug effects during peak hours in line to get the most hypoglycemic effects and the prevention of low blood sugar.
(2) protein
Protein is an important component of human tissue, the body's growth and development, updating cells play an important role, while in sugar and fat intake is insufficient, protein in the body of decomposition to provide energy. Per gram of protein produced by the decomposition of 4 kilocalories of energy.
Diabetes on the protein requirements should be based on age, sex, physical condition and labor intensity on. Generally speaking, the protein of total daily calories should be 10 to 15 per cent, per kg weight 0.8-1.2 grams. For babies, adolescents, pregnant women may be appropriate to increase protein intake; diabetes for kidney patients, because high-protein diet can increase the glomerular pathogenesis of the disease and should therefore be appropriate to reduce intake of protein, specific to no trace protein Urine per day kg weight should be more than 1.0-1.2 grams, microalbuminuria day per kg weight should be less than 0.8 grams, abnormal kidney function per kg body weight per day should be less than 0.6 grams.
Higher protein content of food is mainly meat, eggs, milk and beans, of which animal protein-rich, rich in amino acids must, Yi Xiaohua, a high utilization rate, it is high-quality protein, diabetes suitable for human consumption. Bean protein contained in the relatively low utilization rate, do not absorb Yi Xiaohua, diabetes should not eat a lot, especially diabetic kidney patients should be mainly to high-quality protein.
(3) fatty
Body fat is an indispensable source of energy, usually in the fat tissue in the reserve, hunger, speed up decomposition, the supply of heat. At the same time its still constitute an important element of the human body, plays an important physiological function. Fat comes mainly from vegetable oils and animal oils category. The former principal of unsaturated fatty acids, which mainly contain unsaturated fatty acids, diabetes are often accompanied by lipid metabolism disorders, and disorders of glucose metabolism and affect each other, that there was generally low-fat diet (fat intake should be less than 50 grams / day , More than 100 grams / day for the high-fat diet), daily fat intake of total calories should be 20-25%, or about 1.6-2.0 g / kg body weight. For patients with obesity and hyperlipidemia daily fat intake should be lower. Daily cholesterol intake below 300 mg, about equivalent to that of the egg yolk cholesterol content. At the same time fat intake to mainly unsaturated fatty acids and less saturated fatty acid intake, or to vegetable oil-based, low intake of animal fat.
(4) The Food and Fiber
Food and fiber production is not a hot polysaccharides, according to their physical and chemical properties of soluble and non-soluble divided into two categories. Cellulose is non-soluble cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, found in grains and beans and plant the seed coat the leaves and stems of the soluble cellulose is pectin, was plastic, such as bean gum, fruits, vegetables , Kelp, beans rich in content. An increase in the diet can improve the cellulose component of high blood glucose, insulin and reduce the amount of oral hypoglycemic agents. The past, we always think that diabetes should be a high intake of dietary cellulose, cellulose contained in the diet seems to be the higher the better, but the latest research confirmed that fiber does not necessarily add a lot to good on blood sugar and blood lipids have improved, but Will affect the food tastes, that would create incentives for the gastrointestinal tract, diabetes daily just the general adult standards 25-35 grams of dietary fiber intake can be. China's nutrition recommendations are within the scope of this, 30.2 grams daily.
(5) vitamins and minerals
Although vitamin simple structure and less content, but on human health has played a very important role. But vitamin is not better. Therefore, under normal circumstances, a lack of vitamin diabetes no symptoms, can eat normally, there is no need to add vitamin specifically, as long as attention to diet and reasonable with it.
Minerals in the body in physical activities also play an important role, but there are now many new view that diabetes and a lack of trace elements in a number of related, of course, these views have yet to be scientifically confirmed. So diabetes not intend to propose additional These minerals to prevent unhelpful.
3. Three meals a day for science
In order to control blood sugar, to correct metabolic disorders, reduce blood sugar fluctuations, diabetics should eat regularly quantitative may generally be divided into three meals a day, and the main Fushi and sugar, fat, protein with the reasonable. As patients with early-morning and am generally more difficult to control blood sugar, the three meals a day may be 1 / 5, 2 / 5, 2 / 5 distribution. The injection of insulin, the young patients or the patients to hypoglycemia, can be considered Jiacan, with the exception of early, middle and late meals, can in the morning, afternoon and evening before bed, as appropriate, Jiacan all, the main meal of the total 70 percent of calories, Jiacan accounted for about 30 percent.
Taking into account the types of food on blood sugar and the impact of energy supply characteristics, with the living habits of people in peacetime, the general on the soy milk to breakfast, meat on to lunch and dinner to be mainly light vegetarian. Activities during the day because more people need more calories, less activities of the evening, while in the lower glycemic index, the proposed distribution of the above options.
In short, scientific and rational eating habits and diet structure, can be summed up in three phrases: Good morning eat well, eat at noon, at night to eat less weight with food, Roudan Nai appropriate, vegetables Can Can there; Meidun eighth eat, Under the Dayton does not hunger.
4. Less alcohol, not smoking and eating to light
Liquor in the lives of Chinese people occupy a certain status, in diabetic diet in the treatment of alcohol has been a matter of concern. In the past diet theory has been that drinking will or hypertension, induced by various complications, so in principle to allow diabetics to drink, but in recent years the United States released a large-scale study has confirmed that blood pressure and the volume of alcohol Relations for the performance of the U-distribution, a small amount of alcohol that is the risk of high blood pressure minimum, not a lot to drink alcohol and the risk of high blood pressure will increase. In addition, information that drinking can increase insulin sensitivity, prevention of type 2 diabetes, increase high-density lipoprotein levels, reduce the occurrence of coronary heart disease and stroke risk. Accordingly diabetes can be a small amount of daily consumption of alcohol. As for what to drink wine, although that type of person is not important, the key lies in the total. In our view, to drink a small amount of dry red and white as the first choice, followed by liquor, is not recommended to drink beer, more beer because of increased blood sugar. At the same time to pay attention to the prevention of alcohol when the incidence of low blood sugar. Smoking can be exciting sympathetic, or increased blood sugar hormone secretion, leading to elevated blood sugar, diabetics should be no smoking.
In addition to light diabetic diet, salt intake of six grams a day, up to more than 10 grams, if there are high blood pressure, edema, will have further reduced to below five grams per day to reduce diabetes in heart and brain disease The dangerous.
中文 » 英语 翻译
-- "Shugan for gas, and six one" diabetes prevention and treatment of the four series of popular science lectures
A large number of scientific data confirmed that the incidence of diabetes and diet is closely related to changes in the structure of
Reasonable to adjust the structure so that the diet tends to science, treatment and prevention is an effective way to diabetes. This is what we usually say the diet. It is the first diabetes treatment, now has more than 100 years of history. To sum up, diet therapy in the treatment of diabetes can play a role in the following areas:
1, to provide the physical needs of nutrition, improve the health status of patients, to maintain the standard weight.
2, reduce the burden on islet B cells, to control postprandial hyperglycemia.
3, to correct metabolic disorders, blood sugar and blood lipids as close as possible to normal levels.
4, prevention and treatment of low blood sugar, ketoacidosis and other acute complications.
5, preventing and delaying the cardiovascular, kidney, retina, the nervous system, such as a chronic complications.
Second, the treatment of diabetes diet common errors
Diet for treatment of diabetes although a long time, but the main theory is derived from the medical knowledge and personal experience of the doctors concluded, and not a reliable, standard approach to verification, in schools and many divergent in the diet, with the A study in-depth understanding of the many have been found to be undesirable, or even wrong, it is summarized as follows:
1, limit the intake of carbohydrates, advocated low-sugar diet, buckwheat and other staples to the so-called low-sugar food-oriented perspective. The study, to these long-term coarse grain-based Although the short term can reduce the patients blood sugar levels, but not very good and long-term control of blood sugar, and can lead to patients increasingly frail physique, a chronic digestive system and other gastrointestinal inflammation, but not conducive to disease control .
2, only partial attention to the improvement of symptoms, while ignoring the overall condition, the impact of prevention and treatment of complications. If only that low-sugar and high-protein diet, although short-term control of blood sugar may improve symptoms, but long-term kidney burden will be heavier, evoked the risk of diabetic nephropathy.
3, the blind pursuit of effective management of stress, while ignoring the patient's individual characteristics, needs, psychological, leading to poor patient compliance, we can not uphold for a long time, the treatment failure.
4, too much emphasis and reliance on drug treatment, the treatment of attention to diet, are still followed in the former eating habits.
Third, the principle of treating diabetes diet
1, to control the total calories
First of all diabetes diet control to achieve the total calorie control, but the total calorie control is not simply a staple food control, but including the staple food, Fusi, especially high-calorie Fushi such as meat, eggs, milk, all the heat, Comprehensive calculation method to consider the patient's age, gender, height, weight, labor intensity, and other factors. One of the heat demand is the greatest impact weight and labor intensity, we should focus on consideration. Specific steps calculated as follows:
(1) calculating standard weight
Standard weight (kg) = height (cm) -105 (cm)
When the actual weight of more than 10% for the overweight, over 20% for obesity, more than 40% of severe obesity. The actual weight of less than the standard weight for weighing less than 10 percent, less than 20% for the thinner.
(2) calculation of body mass index
Body mass index (BMI) = actual body weight (kg) / [height × height (m2)], body mass index (BMI) of 20-24 in the normal range; BMI greater than 24 are overweight; BMI greater than 27 are obese.
(3) calculating the total calories
Calculation of total calories children: 1-year-old children need to heat about 1000 Kcal, for every subsequent increase in the age of 100 Kcal, such as the 5-year-old at 1400 Kcal, 10-year-old at 1900 Kcal.
Adolescent calories calculation: the growth and development to meet the needs of women of the daily calories needed for the 2400 Kcal, male-3000 Kcal.
Adult calculation of the total calories press table:
The labor intensity of different weight to be diabetic man-days heat meters
Labor intensity
Weight loss (kcal / kg)
Normal (kcal / kg)
Obesity (kcal / kg)
Light manual
35
30
20-25
Medium manual
40
35
30
Heavy manual
45-50
40
35
Pregnant women, breastfeeding women, malnutrition and disease expendable, as appropriate, an increase of 10% -20% over the age of 60 elderly people because of physical activity on the need to reduce the total calories can be reduced by 20 percent to 30 percent long-term exercise therapy in patients with diabetes, According to the actual situation changes daily calories; addition, in the calculation should also consider, as appropriate, the original patients living habits, developed by the total calories for both practical and scientific basis.
2. Reasonable arrangements for various nutritional ingredients
In total calories certain circumstances, how the various nutritional ingredients proportion of diabetes is very important. With the in-depth clinical research and treatment improvements, awareness of the issue generated a lot of changes from the original low-sugar diet develop a new understanding to the present: to increase the heating of carbohydrates and increase fiber components, to give adequate Protein, less fat and cholesterol and sodium intake.
(1) sugar (carbohydrate)
Sugar is the main source of body heat, per gram of sugar can provide 4 kilocalories. Normal body heat for 65-80 percent of sugar from food. Sugar is also human neural cells and antibodies and hormones in some important elements. In addition, there are resistance sugar-fat health, completely involved in fat oxidation, to prevent excessive ketone production, glucose metabolism can also save for the protein and is conducive to protein synthesis.
But the sugar content of food intake can cause elevated blood sugar diabetes, diabetes Clinical Practice has proved that people should be restricted carbohydrate diet, but not limit too low, otherwise it difficult to control disease. Under normal circumstances, the carbohydrate in the proportion of total calories should not be less than 50 percent. The fasting plasma glucose normal light diabetes, high glucose (65% -80%) can improve glucose tolerance, raising organizations to insulin sensitivity. The fasting plasma glucose increased significantly (> 11.1 mmol / L) of heavier patients with diabetes, should be appropriate restrictions on sugar intake, but not less than 200 grams, and to consider appropriate to increase fiber intake.
Sugar is the cereal, root class, beans, nuts of the major components of food. In addition vegetables, fruits also contain some sugar. How do I choose these foods from the following two aspects to consider:
First, the reference to the glycemic index food choices of food. Glycemic index refers to the consumption of 50 grams of sugar this type of food measured after two hours of postprandial glucose and eating 50 grams of glucose measured after the two hour blood glucose ratio, this value is the reaction of different food on blood sugar impact.
Different food glycemic index (GI) value is different. The first is the presence of different amounts of food and different types of sugar, we collectively referred to as carbohydrates, including sugar single, double sugar, polysaccharides. And the use of these sugar absorption is not the same. Different sugar in the intestine to digest and absorb the speed is different, so the appreciation on postprandial glucose is different.
GI values can guide the diabetic patients in choosing food. Diabetes in the process of choosing their food should be noted: (1) Food categories: GI value of food varies according to different types of food (detailed in the table below), (2) Food processing: food-processing methods can also affect blood sugar, starch, for example is the same Health and potato lower GI value, cook after a relatively high (3) food ingredients and dietary pattern: If the food is not in the composition of multi-Yi Xiaohua, GI value will be lower, such as whole-wheat bread, whole grains to breakfast Than refined white bread and cereal low GI value; Individual consumption of noodles, rice porridge, high-GI value, if at the same time will reduce the consumption of vegetables and many. It must be pointed out that the fat such as fat, oil, butter can reduce the glycemic index, but also excessive consumption will have adverse impact on diabetes.
Some GI food glycemic index value (%)
88 large rice
Glutinous rice 87
General wheat noodles 81.6
Beef noodle soup 88.6
Black Granule 50
All 69 bread flour
Based on the table, <55% for the low GI food, 55 percent to 70 percent in the GI food, GI value, the lower the smaller the impact on postprandial glucose, the lower the glycemic index, the formation of blood sugar, the lower speed. Therefore, patients with diabetes can "glycemic index" to choose food, make scientific dining, dining on blood sugar to reduce the impact.
Second, the need to consider the food is absorbed blood sugar reached a peak of the time difference: the fastest glucose, the general consumption of 0.5 hours and peak, reached the peak sugar 1 hour, starch 1.5 hours of peak, reached the peak of protein three hours. In the choice of food and drugs should be as much as possible so that blood sugar reached the peak time and hypoglycemic drug effects during peak hours in line to get the most hypoglycemic effects and the prevention of low blood sugar.
(2) protein
Protein is an important component of human tissue, the body's growth and development, updating cells play an important role, while in sugar and fat intake is insufficient, protein in the body of decomposition to provide energy. Per gram of protein produced by the decomposition of 4 kilocalories of energy.
Diabetes on the protein requirements should be based on age, sex, physical condition and labor intensity on. Generally speaking, the protein of total daily calories should be 10 to 15 per cent, per kg weight 0.8-1.2 grams. For babies, adolescents, pregnant women may be appropriate to increase protein intake; diabetes for kidney patients, because high-protein diet can increase the glomerular pathogenesis of the disease and should therefore be appropriate to reduce intake of protein, specific to no trace protein Urine per day kg weight should be more than 1.0-1.2 grams, microalbuminuria day per kg weight should be less than 0.8 grams, abnormal kidney function per kg body weight per day should be less than 0.6 grams.
Higher protein content of food is mainly meat, eggs, milk and beans, of which animal protein-rich, rich in amino acids must, Yi Xiaohua, a high utilization rate, it is high-quality protein, diabetes suitable for human consumption. Bean protein contained in the relatively low utilization rate, do not absorb Yi Xiaohua, diabetes should not eat a lot, especially diabetic kidney patients should be mainly to high-quality protein.
(3) fatty
Body fat is an indispensable source of energy, usually in the fat tissue in the reserve, hunger, speed up decomposition, the supply of heat. At the same time its still constitute an important element of the human body, plays an important physiological function. Fat comes mainly from vegetable oils and animal oils category. The former principal of unsaturated fatty acids, which mainly contain unsaturated fatty acids, diabetes are often accompanied by lipid metabolism disorders, and disorders of glucose metabolism and affect each other, that there was generally low-fat diet (fat intake should be less than 50 grams / day , More than 100 grams / day for the high-fat diet), daily fat intake of total calories should be 20-25%, or about 1.6-2.0 g / kg body weight. For patients with obesity and hyperlipidemia daily fat intake should be lower. Daily cholesterol intake below 300 mg, about equivalent to that of the egg yolk cholesterol content. At the same time fat intake to mainly unsaturated fatty acids and less saturated fatty acid intake, or to vegetable oil-based, low intake of animal fat.
(4) The Food and Fiber
Food and fiber production is not a hot polysaccharides, according to their physical and chemical properties of soluble and non-soluble divided into two categories. Cellulose is non-soluble cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, found in grains and beans and plant the seed coat the leaves and stems of the soluble cellulose is pectin, was plastic, such as bean gum, fruits, vegetables , Kelp, beans rich in content. An increase in the diet can improve the cellulose component of high blood glucose, insulin and reduce the amount of oral hypoglycemic agents. The past, we always think that diabetes should be a high intake of dietary cellulose, cellulose contained in the diet seems to be the higher the better, but the latest research confirmed that fiber does not necessarily add a lot to good on blood sugar and blood lipids have improved, but Will affect the food tastes, that would create incentives for the gastrointestinal tract, diabetes daily just the general adult standards 25-35 grams of dietary fiber intake can be. China's nutrition recommendations are within the scope of this, 30.2 grams daily.
(5) vitamins and minerals
Although vitamin simple structure and less content, but on human health has played a very important role. But vitamin is not better. Therefore, under normal circumstances, a lack of vitamin diabetes no symptoms, can eat normally, there is no need to add vitamin specifically, as long as attention to diet and reasonable with it.
Minerals in the body in physical activities also play an important role, but there are now many new view that diabetes and a lack of trace elements in a number of related, of course, these views have yet to be scientifically confirmed. So diabetes not intend to propose additional These minerals to prevent unhelpful.
3. Three meals a day for science
In order to control blood sugar, to correct metabolic disorders, reduce blood sugar fluctuations, diabetics should eat regularly quantitative may generally be divided into three meals a day, and the main Fushi and sugar, fat, protein with the reasonable. As patients with early-morning and am generally more difficult to control blood sugar, the three meals a day may be 1 / 5, 2 / 5, 2 / 5 distribution. The injection of insulin, the young patients or the patients to hypoglycemia, can be considered Jiacan, with the exception of early, middle and late meals, can in the morning, afternoon and evening before bed, as appropriate, Jiacan all, the main meal of the total 70 percent of calories, Jiacan accounted for about 30 percent.
Taking into account the types of food on blood sugar and the impact of energy supply characteristics, with the living habits of people in peacetime, the general on the soy milk to breakfast, meat on to lunch and dinner to be mainly light vegetarian. Activities during the day because more people need more calories, less activities of the evening, while in the lower glycemic index, the proposed distribution of the above options.
In short, scientific and rational eating habits and diet structure, can be summed up in three phrases: Good morning eat well, eat at noon, at night to eat less weight with food, Roudan Nai appropriate, vegetables Can Can there; Meidun eighth eat, Under the Dayton does not hunger.
4. Less alcohol, not smoking and eating to light
Liquor in the lives of Chinese people occupy a certain status, in diabetic diet in the treatment of alcohol has been a matter of concern. In the past diet theory has been that drinking will or hypertension, induced by various complications, so in principle to allow diabetics to drink, but in recent years the United States released a large-scale study has confirmed that blood pressure and the volume of alcohol Relations for the performance of the U-distribution, a small amount of alcohol that is the risk of high blood pressure minimum, not a lot to drink alcohol and the risk of high blood pressure will increase. In addition, information that drinking can increase insulin sensitivity, prevention of type 2 diabetes, increase high-density lipoprotein levels, reduce the occurrence of coronary heart disease and stroke risk. Accordingly diabetes can be a small amount of daily consumption of alcohol. As for what to drink wine, although that type of person is not important, the key lies in the total. In our view, to drink a small amount of dry red and white as the first choice, followed by liquor, is not recommended to drink beer, more beer because of increased blood sugar. At the same time to pay attention to the prevention of alcohol when the incidence of low blood sugar. Smoking can be exciting sympathetic, or increased blood sugar hormone secretion, leading to elevated blood sugar, diabetics should be no smoking.
In addition to light diabetic diet, salt intake of six grams a day, up to more than 10 grams, if there are high blood pressure, edema, will have further reduced to below five grams per day to reduce diabetes in heart and brain disease The dangerous.
中文 » 英语 翻译
Pure Chinese medicine treatment, "diabetes"
Zhongjing Zhengzhou Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Center in diabetic complications of diabetes and clinical research made a series of major achievements. The hospital from a number of government subsidies to enjoy the authority of experts, for the shortcomings of the current diabetes treatment, give full play to advantages of traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese medicine in light of the new the best use of a variety of valuable natural herbs, successfully developed a cure diabetes and complications Effects of drug. And the effect of good, quick, the general course of medication to cure 4-6, not relapse.
"Hope of hypoglycemic" full-sugar:
To solve the problems in patients with life-long medication, treatment should start with consolidating the foundation, medicine called "solid sugar theory." Drug in the DPP-sugar and herbs in a variety of factors combine elements of human blood glucose channel opened, a comprehensive mediation body glucose metabolism, diabetes causes leading to the removal of glycosylation product (AGES), bio-active ingredients in drugs Direct human activity of the pancreas make insulin Enhanced 10 times, inhibited pancreatic glucagon secretion, 4-6 out of drug treatment final farewell diabetes, never more after the recurrence.
Elimination of complications:
Drugs in the "blood sugar more than fine,"-as active, effective blood purification and hypolipidemic, clear the capillary, improve microcirculation. To prevent atherosclerosis, the complete elimination of complications.
"Biological hypoglycemic Hope" features:
1, for pure Chinese herbal medicine preparation. 2, the non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus significant effect, the effective rate was more than 95 percent.
3, for domestic first pure Chinese medicine treatment of diabetic agents. 4, cheap, effective in, without any side effects.
"Biological hypoglycemic Hope" treatment of diabetes in six major advantages:
1, clear symptoms.
Clear diabetes and more drinks, more food, more urine, weight loss, physical weakness, Yaoxisuanruan, insomnia and other symptoms. Patients taking [of] hypoglycemic Ling 4-8 weeks after the above symptoms may gradually disappear, human energy, looking Hongrun.
2, prevention and treatment of eye diseases caused by diabetes.
The eyes bleeding caused by diabetes, macular, blurred vision, cataract and other diseases, the use of hypoglycemic [Ling] after five weeks could feel better. During the medication can continue to gradually ease to disappear.
3, prevention and treatment of vascular disease.
30 days to resolve the skin itch, limb numbness, pain and other symptoms of the toes, effective treatment of nerve endings inflammation. Softening blood vessels, to prevent arteriosclerosis. For hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke and other cardiovascular complications significant effect.
4, the prevention of diabetes liver and kidney complications.
[Hypoglycemic of Hope - with a variety of trace elements, long-term use can increase metabolism in human organs, enhance the ability of liver and kidney detoxification detoxification. To avoid the liver and kidney diseases caused by physical facial swelling, hepatitis, the incidence of diseases such as uremia.
5, prevention and treatment of impotence, low sexual desire, sexual dysfunction.
[Biological] hypoglycemic Ling in the active ingredients of high blood sugar can prevent nerve damage, repair of damaged nerve. Clinical data show that medication after eight weeks of the function of diabetic patients improved to varying degrees.
6, do not have life-long medication.
To overcome the long-term use of western medicine caused the adverse reactions and drug-dependent, so that a fundamental treatment of patients with diabetes, really do not have the effect of medication for life.
The application of hypoglycemic Ling crowd:
In clinical application, the "Hope of hypoglycemic" mainly used for long-term high blood sugar, or Mandrax Mandrax high and low spleen and kidney deficiency and insulin resistance, not sensitive receptors, and the emergence of urine protein and other symptoms such as reduced kidney function Can improve immunity, enhance the sensitivity of receptors, enhancing the utilization of insulin and the protection, restoration of renal function, the elimination of urine. Has been used for patients with insulin, through the use "of biological Hypoglycemic Capsules" for a period of time, in stable blood sugar, can gradually reduce the dosage of insulin, until the disabled. On this basis, as appropriate, can also reduce the amount of proprietary Chinese medicines, until the withdrawal.
(1) by other medication, blood sugar, urine sugar remained stable, at the high-low when the Type II diabetes.
(2) "a little more than three" obvious symptoms, weight sharp decline of diabetes.
(3) fasting plasma glucose control good (3.9-6.1mmol / L), but postprandial blood sugar is still higher than 7.8 mmol / L of Type II diabetes patients.
(4) all kinds of treatment are still unable to effectively control blood sugar and urine sugar and insulin control by the patients.
(5) over the age of 13 long-term use of insulin in patients with life-sustaining.
(6) diabetes caused by kidney disease, coronary heart disease, lower extremity numbness, skin itching, blurred vision and women's Irregular Menstruation, male dysfunction, and so on.
"Hope of hypoglycemic" full-sugar:
To solve the problems in patients with life-long medication, treatment should start with consolidating the foundation, medicine called "solid sugar theory." Drug in the DPP-sugar and herbs in a variety of factors combine elements of human blood glucose channel opened, a comprehensive mediation body glucose metabolism, diabetes causes leading to the removal of glycosylation product (AGES), bio-active ingredients in drugs Direct human activity of the pancreas make insulin Enhanced 10 times, inhibited pancreatic glucagon secretion, 4-6 out of drug treatment final farewell diabetes, never more after the recurrence.
Elimination of complications:
Drugs in the "blood sugar more than fine,"-as active, effective blood purification and hypolipidemic, clear the capillary, improve microcirculation. To prevent atherosclerosis, the complete elimination of complications.
"Biological hypoglycemic Hope" features:
1, for pure Chinese herbal medicine preparation. 2, the non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus significant effect, the effective rate was more than 95 percent.
3, for domestic first pure Chinese medicine treatment of diabetic agents. 4, cheap, effective in, without any side effects.
"Biological hypoglycemic Hope" treatment of diabetes in six major advantages:
1, clear symptoms.
Clear diabetes and more drinks, more food, more urine, weight loss, physical weakness, Yaoxisuanruan, insomnia and other symptoms. Patients taking [of] hypoglycemic Ling 4-8 weeks after the above symptoms may gradually disappear, human energy, looking Hongrun.
2, prevention and treatment of eye diseases caused by diabetes.
The eyes bleeding caused by diabetes, macular, blurred vision, cataract and other diseases, the use of hypoglycemic [Ling] after five weeks could feel better. During the medication can continue to gradually ease to disappear.
3, prevention and treatment of vascular disease.
30 days to resolve the skin itch, limb numbness, pain and other symptoms of the toes, effective treatment of nerve endings inflammation. Softening blood vessels, to prevent arteriosclerosis. For hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke and other cardiovascular complications significant effect.
4, the prevention of diabetes liver and kidney complications.
[Hypoglycemic of Hope - with a variety of trace elements, long-term use can increase metabolism in human organs, enhance the ability of liver and kidney detoxification detoxification. To avoid the liver and kidney diseases caused by physical facial swelling, hepatitis, the incidence of diseases such as uremia.
5, prevention and treatment of impotence, low sexual desire, sexual dysfunction.
[Biological] hypoglycemic Ling in the active ingredients of high blood sugar can prevent nerve damage, repair of damaged nerve. Clinical data show that medication after eight weeks of the function of diabetic patients improved to varying degrees.
6, do not have life-long medication.
To overcome the long-term use of western medicine caused the adverse reactions and drug-dependent, so that a fundamental treatment of patients with diabetes, really do not have the effect of medication for life.
The application of hypoglycemic Ling crowd:
In clinical application, the "Hope of hypoglycemic" mainly used for long-term high blood sugar, or Mandrax Mandrax high and low spleen and kidney deficiency and insulin resistance, not sensitive receptors, and the emergence of urine protein and other symptoms such as reduced kidney function Can improve immunity, enhance the sensitivity of receptors, enhancing the utilization of insulin and the protection, restoration of renal function, the elimination of urine. Has been used for patients with insulin, through the use "of biological Hypoglycemic Capsules" for a period of time, in stable blood sugar, can gradually reduce the dosage of insulin, until the disabled. On this basis, as appropriate, can also reduce the amount of proprietary Chinese medicines, until the withdrawal.
(1) by other medication, blood sugar, urine sugar remained stable, at the high-low when the Type II diabetes.
(2) "a little more than three" obvious symptoms, weight sharp decline of diabetes.
(3) fasting plasma glucose control good (3.9-6.1mmol / L), but postprandial blood sugar is still higher than 7.8 mmol / L of Type II diabetes patients.
(4) all kinds of treatment are still unable to effectively control blood sugar and urine sugar and insulin control by the patients.
(5) over the age of 13 long-term use of insulin in patients with life-sustaining.
(6) diabetes caused by kidney disease, coronary heart disease, lower extremity numbness, skin itching, blurred vision and women's Irregular Menstruation, male dysfunction, and so on.
"Diabetes" ice very Renhe regenerative therapy - shocked the world!
On Earth the most pure place ---- the Antarctic, the international scientific expedition station scientists, after 10 years in child-rearing period of observation Antarctic penguins living conditions, the accident found that in minus 50 c. And full of the storm climate, even three or four months can not eat. Scientists through continuous observation, found that these penguins will be fixed to devour some ice, which caused great concern to scientists! After repeated study found that this ancient ice Millennium unimaginable even contain nutrients and minerals, these elements are mostly from remote antiquity of the seagrass, there are ancient marine life, especially nutrient-rich krill in Antarctic ice after the Millennium very Ninglian And the ice pressure of the tremendous changes that have already Rongjin of these nutrients in the ice structure. This discovery greatly inspired by the scientists, which scientists again after repeated experiments and invented a high degree of concentration of the drug from a method, the scientists named this way -- -- The ice is purified. The discovery and use of the human health field. Ice is concentrated, repeated purification and ultimately achieving a high degree of concentration from the effects of drugs. China's diabetes medical experts, with many, many times repeated experiments, and finally in 2006 the successful outcome of this high-tech applied to the treatment of diabetes, and to achieve a breakthrough results ----' Renhe pancreatic sugar Po 'Diabetes Hypoglycemic Capsules. "Renhe pancreatic sugar-" come out more than a year, has been successful rescue of the 860,000 patients with diabetes, diabetes and complications were numerous, torture, the frequency of clinical death in patients with a healthy life, so full of countless families joy! 2006, the "World Diabetes Research and Prevention," the General Assembly, the "ice is Renhe regenerative therapy," from the international field of diabetes treatment of a high degree of attention. The core drug 'sugar-Renhe pancreas' Diabetes Hypoglycemic Capsules to repair quickly, controlling sugar stable and comprehensive elimination of complications of the three major advantages, as the International Diabetes Rehabilitation Association, the International Diabetes Prevention Medical Association, the Royal Hong Kong Medical Association only Joint recommendation of the products. "Ice is Renhe regenerative therapy," is the Chinese International Diabetes Institute in more than 60 years experience in the pharmaceutical treatment of diabetes on the basis of the United States, Britain and other countries of Western medicine advantage of the latest research results. It "Renhe pancreatic-sugar" as the core of drug treatment, to prevention education collaborative, with psychological, diet, exercise, monitoring, biological therapy and physical therapy perfect combination. The first time in the domestic use of the international system and the complications of diabetes treatment, "Renhe meridian therapy", "Ren and movement therapy", "Ren and dietary therapy", "Ren and psychological therapy" system used in diabetes treatment, is the latest diabetes and complications Integration of treatment.
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