And now that the following factors related to the occurrence of gastric cancer:
(A) environmental factors: different countries and regions, the incidence of the significant difference between that and environmental factors, the most important factor is diet.
Salt may be Exogenous induced by one of the factors of gastric cancer. Residents intake of salt and more countries have a high incidence of gastric cancer, nitrosamine compounds have been successfully induced gastric cancer in animals, smoked fish contain more of the 34 - benzopyrene (benzopyrene), mouldy food containing more Mycotoxins; processed rice covered in talcum powder outside its chemical structure and nature of asbestos fibres are similar to the above material, are considered carcinogenic effect.
(B) genetic factors: some families in some of the higher incidence of gastric cancer, gastric cancer data show that occurred in the A blood group O blood type than the people who for more.
(C) immune factors: the lower the immune function of the higher incidence of gastric cancer, immune dysfunction may be the cancer of the immune supervisory role in the decline of gastric cancer in a certain sense.
(D) pre-cancerous change: the so-called pre-cancerous change is that some of the strong tendency of malignant lesions, such as lesions may not be addressed for the development of gastric cancer. Pre-cancerous changes including pre-cancerous condition (precancerous conditions) and pre-cancerous lesions (precancerous lesions).
1. Gastric pre-cancerous condition
(1) chronic atrophic gastritis: chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer incidence was significantly positive correlation.
(2) pernicious anemia: pernicious anemia in patients with gastric cancer in 10 percent of gastric cancer incidence rate for the normal population of 5 to 10 times.
(3) gastric polyps: adenomatous polyps-or-villi of the stomach while the proportion of polyps is not high, the cancer rate of 15% to 40%, greater than 2 cm in diameter were higher rates of cancer, and proliferation of cancerous polyps多见Rate of only 1 percent.
(4) residual stomach: benign gastric residual disease after surgery in the stomach cancer that residual stomach. Stomach cancer after surgery especially in the beginning after 10 rate increased significantly.
(5) benign gastric ulcer: gastric ulcer is not in itself a pre-cancerous state, and the ulcer is prone to the edge of the mucous membrane and malignant intestinal metaplasia.
(6) of huge gastric folds (Menetrier disease): serum protein folds by the enormous loss of gastric mucosa, a clinical hypoproteinemia and swelling of about 10% of cancer.
2. Gastric pre-cancerous lesions
(1) profiled proliferation and inter-change: the former, also known as dysplasia, a chronic inflammation caused by the irreversible pathological cell proliferation, in a few cases can not be changed gastric cancer (anaplasia) are cancerous opportunities.
(2) IM: a type of small intestine and large intestine of two. Intestinal type (complete) with the characteristics of small intestinal differentiation, better, coliform (not complete) and the mucosa similar, can be divided into two subtypes: Ⅱ a can of non-sulfuric acid secretion of mucin; Ⅱ b-to Sulfuric acid secretion of this type of mucin close relationship with gastric cancer.
2008-07-13
Means the transfer of gastric cancer
1. Disseminated directly: invasion of gastric cancer can be along directly to the mucous membrane or serous esophagus or stomach, duodenum, cancer Once serous membrane that is easy invasion and the surrounding neighbouring organ or tissue, such as liver pancreas spleen, transverse colon, Jejunum, diaphragm and abdominal wall, such as the omentum invasion, when Ke Zhongzhi shedding cancer cells in the abdominal, pelvic, ovarian and colorectal bladder lacunae, etc..
2. Metastasis: gastric cancer accounted for 70 percent of the transfer of the lower part of stomach cancer often transferred to H. pylori, the stomach and abdominal artery, and other adjacent lymph nodes, and the upper part of pancreatic cancer often transferred to the adjacent upper gastric cardia next to lymph nodes, may transfer advanced cancer Aorta to the surrounding lymph nodes and diaphragm, the abdominal lymph nodes and chest catheter direct traffic, it can be transferred to the lymph nodes on the left collarbone.
3. Blood transfer: Some patients with cancer can be found through the portal can be transferred to the liver, kidney and bone up lung brain meningeal spleen skin, etc..
2. Metastasis: gastric cancer accounted for 70 percent of the transfer of the lower part of stomach cancer often transferred to H. pylori, the stomach and abdominal artery, and other adjacent lymph nodes, and the upper part of pancreatic cancer often transferred to the adjacent upper gastric cardia next to lymph nodes, may transfer advanced cancer Aorta to the surrounding lymph nodes and diaphragm, the abdominal lymph nodes and chest catheter direct traffic, it can be transferred to the lymph nodes on the left collarbone.
3. Blood transfer: Some patients with cancer can be found through the portal can be transferred to the liver, kidney and bone up lung brain meningeal spleen skin, etc..
British invention tablets robot can check Tunru womb cancer
According to the British "Daily Mail" reported on January 31, cancer is still the medical profession was seen as incurable fatal disease, how to quickly make a diagnosis on it is particularly important. British scientists have developed a micro-robot, like the pill in patients with the same Tunru, the cancerous tissue and automatically detect and take photographs.
The newly developed robot only ordinary pill size, when the body after being Tunru, it will automatically search for the body of cancer lesions. In the human body, the robot can also make timely detection of the tumor, and then test the data and send the results to a computer. The micro-robot is also carrying a miniature video camera, can take about 400 million human gastrointestinal, and other parts of photos. These high-resolution photos will help doctors to patients to make further diagnosis.
The robot's developers said that such a great revolutionary robot eventually successfully developed, would allow tens of thousands of gastrointestinal cancer patients from living tissue biopsy or surgical pain. Britain each year about 2,000 people will have to accept the gastrointestinal cancer detection, had relied mainly on live or surgical biopsy to determine whether or not suffering from cancer, or cancer is serious. In this routine testing, patients usually have to bear great suffering.
The researchers said the micro-robot to enter the human body, can be taken to immediately send the photos to a computer, so people after the end of the test, there is no need to recall them. These machines will be within the gastrointestinal and other human waste, will be through natural excretion by the way into the toilet in. The researchers also said that the study is sponsored by the European Union completed, a total investment of up to 1.8 million pounds, of which the most sophisticated of the results is a "camera pill" technology. As of now, this technology has a number of hospitals in the United Kingdom conducted a clinical use, mainly for the treatment of Crohn's disease, including (Crohn), various kinds of diseases.
In the human body, "the camera pill," can only take photographs of lesions, but the latest development of the micro-robot is not only able to take pictures, also in the human body can automatically detect and identify cancerous tissue and normal tissue. When the discovery of cancer cells, it can automatically related photos and test results available to doctors, thus enabling detection of patients receiving surgery from bitterness. The main principle of the robot, robot automatically detect the organization in patients with fluid and then proceed to analyze and judge, along with photographs of cancer sites for doctors to make further judgement. As organizations in the fluid in the process of extraction and transportation will be undermined, by the robots directly from the body for testing and will play an irreplaceable advantages.
The researchers said that they are micro-robot can be installed on the issue of special lighting devices, the device in the body will be kept within the gastrointestinal launched this light. Under normal circumstances, the cancerous cells to absorb the energy needed to light the stronger, because the cancerous tumor cells of the need to provide more oxygen molecules. When the doctor to a patient's position in doubt, can also allow robots through wireless operators stay in this position, for more detailed testing. This intimate with the previous camera detection device has a very different, because doctors can now finally on the external manipulation of the robot.
The newly developed robot only ordinary pill size, when the body after being Tunru, it will automatically search for the body of cancer lesions. In the human body, the robot can also make timely detection of the tumor, and then test the data and send the results to a computer. The micro-robot is also carrying a miniature video camera, can take about 400 million human gastrointestinal, and other parts of photos. These high-resolution photos will help doctors to patients to make further diagnosis.
The robot's developers said that such a great revolutionary robot eventually successfully developed, would allow tens of thousands of gastrointestinal cancer patients from living tissue biopsy or surgical pain. Britain each year about 2,000 people will have to accept the gastrointestinal cancer detection, had relied mainly on live or surgical biopsy to determine whether or not suffering from cancer, or cancer is serious. In this routine testing, patients usually have to bear great suffering.
The researchers said the micro-robot to enter the human body, can be taken to immediately send the photos to a computer, so people after the end of the test, there is no need to recall them. These machines will be within the gastrointestinal and other human waste, will be through natural excretion by the way into the toilet in. The researchers also said that the study is sponsored by the European Union completed, a total investment of up to 1.8 million pounds, of which the most sophisticated of the results is a "camera pill" technology. As of now, this technology has a number of hospitals in the United Kingdom conducted a clinical use, mainly for the treatment of Crohn's disease, including (Crohn), various kinds of diseases.
In the human body, "the camera pill," can only take photographs of lesions, but the latest development of the micro-robot is not only able to take pictures, also in the human body can automatically detect and identify cancerous tissue and normal tissue. When the discovery of cancer cells, it can automatically related photos and test results available to doctors, thus enabling detection of patients receiving surgery from bitterness. The main principle of the robot, robot automatically detect the organization in patients with fluid and then proceed to analyze and judge, along with photographs of cancer sites for doctors to make further judgement. As organizations in the fluid in the process of extraction and transportation will be undermined, by the robots directly from the body for testing and will play an irreplaceable advantages.
The researchers said that they are micro-robot can be installed on the issue of special lighting devices, the device in the body will be kept within the gastrointestinal launched this light. Under normal circumstances, the cancerous cells to absorb the energy needed to light the stronger, because the cancerous tumor cells of the need to provide more oxygen molecules. When the doctor to a patient's position in doubt, can also allow robots through wireless operators stay in this position, for more detailed testing. This intimate with the previous camera detection device has a very different, because doctors can now finally on the external manipulation of the robot.
Study found that clinical trials of cancer drugs shortcomings
Cancer research and drug development will be a better therapy, according to one from Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center researchers published the report pointed out that these test cancer drugs in clinical trials there is a lot of shortcomings.
The published in the February 1 Clinical Cancer Research study, explains why many experimental drugs without the adoption of the final large and expensive clinical testing.
The researchers found that, in their review of the June 2003 to June 2005, a total of 70 Phase II study, only nine on a clear definition of the patients used to assess the benefits of standards. These studies generally contain 30 to 50 patients, the goal is to assess whether to continue the large-scale Phase III clinical trial, which is to decide whether the drug can be used for patients with cancer of the final test.
The researchers pointed out that this is in the clinical trial testing led to the problem, because even when the drug has changed, researchers are still using the same old methods to measure the effectiveness of these drugs. So the researchers suggested that when the pharmaceutical companies or laboratories for new material for clinical trials, we must set up a new assessment criteria, can more effectively assess the efficacy and safety of drugs.
The published in the February 1 Clinical Cancer Research study, explains why many experimental drugs without the adoption of the final large and expensive clinical testing.
The researchers found that, in their review of the June 2003 to June 2005, a total of 70 Phase II study, only nine on a clear definition of the patients used to assess the benefits of standards. These studies generally contain 30 to 50 patients, the goal is to assess whether to continue the large-scale Phase III clinical trial, which is to decide whether the drug can be used for patients with cancer of the final test.
The researchers pointed out that this is in the clinical trial testing led to the problem, because even when the drug has changed, researchers are still using the same old methods to measure the effectiveness of these drugs. So the researchers suggested that when the pharmaceutical companies or laboratories for new material for clinical trials, we must set up a new assessment criteria, can more effectively assess the efficacy and safety of drugs.
New ways to prevent stomach cancer! Lactoferrin was Qixiao
Research showed that lactoferrin on gastrointestinal cancer, such as colon cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, a chemical prevention role, and can inhibit tumor metastasis.
Lactoferrin is a multifunctional protein, with broad-spectrum antibiotic, anti-virus infection, to adjust the balance of iron; regulate the formation of bone marrow cells to promote cell growth; regulate immune function, enhance the ability of the body resistance; inhibiting the human body Tumor cells; can with a variety of antibiotics and anti-fungal agent synergies and more effective treatment of disease.
Lactoferrin in 1960 were found in breast milk. Subsequently a number of scientists in various organisms and cells in the body fluids found the change of protein and a large number of studies to determine its body by the seven major function is.
1, lactoferrin with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity
Lactoferrin against gram-negative and positive bacteria of the inhibitory effect is due to begin a high degree of lactoferrin with iron so that the growth of bacteria lose the basic nutrients needed iron. In addition, lactoferrin through the end-of-cation of the region, increasing the permeability of the membrane of bacteria, the bacterial lipopolysaccharide from the outer membrane leakage, to direct sterilization. Lactoferrin on Staphylococcus aureus infection caused by respiratory infections, boil, carbuncle, and so a very good role in the prevention and treatment.
2, lactoferrin with antiviral effect
Lactoferrin by inhibiting the virus to enter cells and reduce the damage to human liver cells, this conclusion by the Japanese National Cancer Center Research Institute and the Institute of Kyoto University researchers virus through animal experiments and clinical trials in the 1998 report of the research results Confirmed.
3, lactoferrin has antioxidant
Research results showed that lactoferrin can inhibit iron-induced lipid peroxidation process generated by thiobarbituric acid and MDA generation. In addition, milk protein degradation of iron in the transshipment of yeast RNA, a nucleic acid nuclear activity of candy, and can inhibit the formation of superoxide ions. All of these can lower the body of free radicals in the walls of the arteries flexible damage to the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease purposes.
4, lactoferrin with anti-cancer role
Lactoferrin on the stomach of Helicobacter pylori infection caused by chronic gastritis, duodenal ulcer and gastric cancer have a very good role in the prevention and treatment. In addition, lactoferrin on the digestive tract cancers such as colon cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, a chemical prevention role, and can inhibit tumor metastasis.
5, lactoferrin regulate the body's immune response
Lactoferrin in the host defense system activated the initial activation, regulation and control different types of lymphocytes in the immune response to the change in the impact, and improve immunity in the prevention of hepatitis C virus infections, the treatment of chronic hepatitis have played a positive Role.
6, lactoferrin regulate gastrointestinal iron absorption
Lactoferrin through its amino and carboxyl terminal to the two iron-binding region of high-affinity, and iron-binding and irreversible, and maintain the iron in a broader range of pH, iron and completed in the duodenum The cells absorb and use.
7, with the lactoferrin drug synergies
Studies have shown that lactoferrin can be the same range of antibiotics and antiviral drugs synergies, reduction of drug consumption, reduce antibiotic resistance or fungal agents on human liver and kidney function. At the same time, enhance the microbes in the drug sensitivity.
As lactoferrin has the above seven major features, many scientists and medical scientists should have started it and to the clinical, in the prevention and treatment of disease Chi Cheng was in the exploration and recognized experts in clinical medicine. With lactoferrin role, functions, mechanisms and clarify the scope of development should be constantly expanding, I believe that lactoferrin in the treatment, nutritional supplements, food, and other areas has broad prospects. Source: 39 community health network.
Lactoferrin is a multifunctional protein, with broad-spectrum antibiotic, anti-virus infection, to adjust the balance of iron; regulate the formation of bone marrow cells to promote cell growth; regulate immune function, enhance the ability of the body resistance; inhibiting the human body Tumor cells; can with a variety of antibiotics and anti-fungal agent synergies and more effective treatment of disease.
Lactoferrin in 1960 were found in breast milk. Subsequently a number of scientists in various organisms and cells in the body fluids found the change of protein and a large number of studies to determine its body by the seven major function is.
1, lactoferrin with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity
Lactoferrin against gram-negative and positive bacteria of the inhibitory effect is due to begin a high degree of lactoferrin with iron so that the growth of bacteria lose the basic nutrients needed iron. In addition, lactoferrin through the end-of-cation of the region, increasing the permeability of the membrane of bacteria, the bacterial lipopolysaccharide from the outer membrane leakage, to direct sterilization. Lactoferrin on Staphylococcus aureus infection caused by respiratory infections, boil, carbuncle, and so a very good role in the prevention and treatment.
2, lactoferrin with antiviral effect
Lactoferrin by inhibiting the virus to enter cells and reduce the damage to human liver cells, this conclusion by the Japanese National Cancer Center Research Institute and the Institute of Kyoto University researchers virus through animal experiments and clinical trials in the 1998 report of the research results Confirmed.
3, lactoferrin has antioxidant
Research results showed that lactoferrin can inhibit iron-induced lipid peroxidation process generated by thiobarbituric acid and MDA generation. In addition, milk protein degradation of iron in the transshipment of yeast RNA, a nucleic acid nuclear activity of candy, and can inhibit the formation of superoxide ions. All of these can lower the body of free radicals in the walls of the arteries flexible damage to the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease purposes.
4, lactoferrin with anti-cancer role
Lactoferrin on the stomach of Helicobacter pylori infection caused by chronic gastritis, duodenal ulcer and gastric cancer have a very good role in the prevention and treatment. In addition, lactoferrin on the digestive tract cancers such as colon cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, a chemical prevention role, and can inhibit tumor metastasis.
5, lactoferrin regulate the body's immune response
Lactoferrin in the host defense system activated the initial activation, regulation and control different types of lymphocytes in the immune response to the change in the impact, and improve immunity in the prevention of hepatitis C virus infections, the treatment of chronic hepatitis have played a positive Role.
6, lactoferrin regulate gastrointestinal iron absorption
Lactoferrin through its amino and carboxyl terminal to the two iron-binding region of high-affinity, and iron-binding and irreversible, and maintain the iron in a broader range of pH, iron and completed in the duodenum The cells absorb and use.
7, with the lactoferrin drug synergies
Studies have shown that lactoferrin can be the same range of antibiotics and antiviral drugs synergies, reduction of drug consumption, reduce antibiotic resistance or fungal agents on human liver and kidney function. At the same time, enhance the microbes in the drug sensitivity.
As lactoferrin has the above seven major features, many scientists and medical scientists should have started it and to the clinical, in the prevention and treatment of disease Chi Cheng was in the exploration and recognized experts in clinical medicine. With lactoferrin role, functions, mechanisms and clarify the scope of development should be constantly expanding, I believe that lactoferrin in the treatment, nutritional supplements, food, and other areas has broad prospects. Source: 39 community health network.
ESD - gastric cancer treatment new revolution!
The stripping of endoscopic mucosal (ESD) in recent years there is a new treatment. In minimally invasive techniques, through the ESD to be complete with large lesions, but also "Saojing" part of the mucosal lesions, tumors to achieve radical results.
Early gastric cancer (EGC) is gastric cancer lesions in the mucous membrane or submucosa, regardless of whether there is a lesion size and metastasis. Caesarean section surgery for gastric cancer and lymph node dissection for the treatment is an effective means of EGC, the 5-year survival rate of 96 percent or more. In recent years carried out under the EGC endoscopic mucosal stripping of (ESD) not only treatment and surgical laparotomy similar, but it also enabled the majority of patients from the traditional surgical treatment and the risk of postoperative quality of life seriously affected.
Radical surgery for gastric cancer and lymph node dissection of the past have been considered to be the preferred treatment of EGC, but the surgical complication rate, high mortality, but also seriously affect the quality of life of patients. Research has confirmed that the low rate of metastasis in the EGC suitable for endoscopic therapy.
ESD obvious advantages
ESD expanded the EGC endoscopic removal of the indications, and laparotomy and past EMR, such as endoscopic treatment comparison, ESD has the obvious advantages:
1, individual treatment, well-targeted. ESD can be treated in accordance with the EGC location, size, shape and type of organization developed a reasonable individualized treatment plan, it can guarantee the complete removal of tumor, while maximizing retention and its normal function.
2, minor trauma patients with easy tolerance.
3, the same patients with multiple ESD acceptable treatment, can also be a multi-site treatment.
4, in the case of non-operation through the ESD a complete pathological specimens, to provide accurate tumor histological period, the tumor clear the depth of invasion, differentiation, and clearly the existence of lymphatic and vascular invasion, predicted the existence of metastasis, and other high-risk Factors.
5, compared with the EMR, ESD can be larger area, irregular shape or merger of ulcers, scarring of the tumor from the inherent integrity of a one-time muscle stripping down the surface, complete with a one-time rate of more than 96 percent, significantly reduced tumor Residues and recurrence.
EGC indications
Japan used ESD to expand the indications for the treatment of EGC:
1, tumor diameter ≤ 20 mm, combined with existing ulcer undifferentiated carcinoma mucosa;
2, regardless of size lesions, ulcers exist without the merger of the mucous membrane of differentiated cancer;
3, tumor diameter ≤ 30 mm, the merger of the existence of ulcers in the mucous membrane of differentiated cancer;
4, tumor diameter ≤ 30 mm, combined with existing ulcer differentiated SM1 submucosal cancer.
The frail elderly, a surgical contraindications or suspected metastasis of cancer submucosal refused surgery can be considered as relative indications of sources: 39 community health network
Early gastric cancer (EGC) is gastric cancer lesions in the mucous membrane or submucosa, regardless of whether there is a lesion size and metastasis. Caesarean section surgery for gastric cancer and lymph node dissection for the treatment is an effective means of EGC, the 5-year survival rate of 96 percent or more. In recent years carried out under the EGC endoscopic mucosal stripping of (ESD) not only treatment and surgical laparotomy similar, but it also enabled the majority of patients from the traditional surgical treatment and the risk of postoperative quality of life seriously affected.
Radical surgery for gastric cancer and lymph node dissection of the past have been considered to be the preferred treatment of EGC, but the surgical complication rate, high mortality, but also seriously affect the quality of life of patients. Research has confirmed that the low rate of metastasis in the EGC suitable for endoscopic therapy.
ESD obvious advantages
ESD expanded the EGC endoscopic removal of the indications, and laparotomy and past EMR, such as endoscopic treatment comparison, ESD has the obvious advantages:
1, individual treatment, well-targeted. ESD can be treated in accordance with the EGC location, size, shape and type of organization developed a reasonable individualized treatment plan, it can guarantee the complete removal of tumor, while maximizing retention and its normal function.
2, minor trauma patients with easy tolerance.
3, the same patients with multiple ESD acceptable treatment, can also be a multi-site treatment.
4, in the case of non-operation through the ESD a complete pathological specimens, to provide accurate tumor histological period, the tumor clear the depth of invasion, differentiation, and clearly the existence of lymphatic and vascular invasion, predicted the existence of metastasis, and other high-risk Factors.
5, compared with the EMR, ESD can be larger area, irregular shape or merger of ulcers, scarring of the tumor from the inherent integrity of a one-time muscle stripping down the surface, complete with a one-time rate of more than 96 percent, significantly reduced tumor Residues and recurrence.
EGC indications
Japan used ESD to expand the indications for the treatment of EGC:
1, tumor diameter ≤ 20 mm, combined with existing ulcer undifferentiated carcinoma mucosa;
2, regardless of size lesions, ulcers exist without the merger of the mucous membrane of differentiated cancer;
3, tumor diameter ≤ 30 mm, the merger of the existence of ulcers in the mucous membrane of differentiated cancer;
4, tumor diameter ≤ 30 mm, combined with existing ulcer differentiated SM1 submucosal cancer.
The frail elderly, a surgical contraindications or suspected metastasis of cancer submucosal refused surgery can be considered as relative indications of sources: 39 community health network
Lung cancer diagnosis!
Lung cancer and other malignancies also like to produce some of hormones, antigens, proteins and other biological child sexual material, but these tumor markers for lung cancer detection there is no value to clinicians on the middle-aged or above Chronic Cough Buyu, and there Xuetan Lung X-ray examination found that nature did not block the video or inflammation of the cases changed, should heighten their vigilance and a high degree of doubt the possibility of lung cancer, a detailed inspection in time.
(1) X-X-ray inspection diagnosis of lung cancer is the most commonly used means important. Through X-ray examination of lung cancer can learn the location and size. Early lung cancer cases although the X-ray examination have not been able to show mass, but may see as bronchial obstruction caused by local emphysema, lung lesions or not the neighbouring parts of invasive disease or lung inflammation changed. Chang revealed that central lung cancer or the side of the whole lobe atelectasis (Figure: Figure 67-14 (1)), near the edge of Bu Zhengqi hilar or sub-district phyllodes tumor and lymph node swelling image. Tumor necrosis lesions central part of a hollow show that while there are mass eccentric lucent, empty wall, the wall rugged, showed less liquid plane (Figure: Figure 67-14 (2)). The most common type of lung cancer around the X-ray showed lung field position edge of the circle formed isolated Oval block video in diameter from 1 ~ 2 cm ~ 5 ~ 6cm or greater. Block shadow outline of irregular, often show little or notch-leaf, fuzzy edges, Mao Cao, a regular small burr short video (below: Figure 67-14 (3)). Disease can still progress after a mass around atelectasis, pneumonia, pleural effusion, and other features. High-voltage radiography help determine the nature of disease. Hilar area around the tumor for the most part squamous cell carcinoma and small cell undifferentiated carcinoma, which frequently have obstructive pneumonia, lung or lung is not changed, and hilar and / or lymph node enlargement. Most large cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of small cell carcinoma and lung field at the edge site, the Ministry of cancer Feijian mostly squamous cell carcinoma. Mass greater than 4 cm in diameter, often as squamous cell carcinoma, and the formation of cancer more often empty. Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma of the X-ray findings for the most part isolated peripheral nodular lesions, the wider scope of nodular invasion, similar to bronchial or Lobar Pneumonia, sometimes show empty.
Perspective on chest X-ray observation of the diaphragm movement, will help determine whether the phrenic nerve tumor was violated. Standard fault radiography shows central lung cancer bronchial obstruction, the difference between cancer and inflammation change the image, clearly shows that lung cancer and sub-block video phyllodes shape, and hilar lymph node swelling, and video pieces in the show whether calcification Lesions. In recent years computer tomography (CT) has been in widespread clinical use. This method can display three-dimensional structure of thin cross-sectional images, to avoid disease and normal tissue images overlap, the early detection of X-ray examination generally hidden areas (such as Feijian, diaphragm, spinal side, near the chest wall pleura, the heart of the rear , Mediastinum, etc.) of lung cancer lesions, lymph node clear whether the increase, and so on, are diagnostic value. CT scans can show that less than 5 mm in diameter nodular lesions in the lungs, thus early detection of primary or secondary lung cancer. CT of the various pulmonary diseases has a good ability to distinguish between density and can help identify the nature and the lesions clear whether calcified lesions. Bronchial tumor imaging can show that due to the brink of deterioration bronchial cavity, filling defect, a narrow cavity or irregular interruption of the bronchoscopy failed to arrive at the origin of the lung or bronchial sub-paragraph of the peripheral lung cancer or adenomas with diagnosis of bronchial (Graphic: Figure 67-15). Barium X-ray examination of the meals help to understand mediastinal lung cancer and esophagus were violations of the situation. Pulmonary angiography to determine whether the tumor of the left and right, and pulmonary artery near the left and right atrium, will help determine the type of lung cancer with the possibility, but has fewer applications.
(B) cytology majority of primary lung cancer patients in the sputum may be available in the shedding of cancer cells, cancer cells and determine the types of organizations. Therefore sputum cytology survey and diagnosis of lung cancer is a simple and effective way. Gargle with water after getting up from the deep lung Kechu fresh sputum or bronchial washing the aspiration of the bronchial secretions can serve as a check samples. Repeatedly sputum cytology can enhance the positive rate. Central lung cancer sputum cytology, the positive rate of 70 to 90 percent, peripheral lung cancer smear-positive rate is only about 50 percent, negative sputum cytology can not rule out the possibility of lung cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma, mostly in the larger bronchial tumor growth to the lumen, the cancer cell surface shedding so easy to smear-positive rate is high and determine the type of organization is also more accurate. Undifferentiated small cell carcinoma smear-positive rate is high, but difficult to determine the type of organization.
Lung cancer transferred to the pleural cavity or pericardial cavity, a pleural effusion, or cardiac cases, taking part effusion, the centrifugal treatment for precipitation for smears, to find cancer cells, can be diagnosed.
(C) bronchoscopy bronchoscopy diagnosis of lung cancer is an important measure. Bronchoscopy through direct Kuicha of endobronchial and the pathological changes in the lumen. Insight into cancer or cancer of the invasion, organizations can be taken for pathology biopsy, or bronchial secretions lessons for cytology, a clear diagnosis and determine the type of organization. However, due to bronchial vascular rich adenoma, it is not appropriate for bronchoscopic biopsy, so as not to cause massive bleeding. Bronchoscopy and bronchial eminence can still observe the location, shape, width and activities, organizations need to take a pathological examination was helpful for understanding the scope of diseases, resection of the possibilities and scope of the lung resection. The use of the hard-bronchoscopy can only glimpse the larger bronchial, the central lung cancer diagnosis of the larger. Over the past 20 years fiber-guided bronchoscopy is widely used, such bronchoscopy smaller diameter, soft flexible, able to Shenru each lobe, lung and the majority of sub-paragraph of the bronchial, and brush or in the application of X-ray positioning of the television lens Add to the lung tissue of living within the organization clamp, taken for pathological examination of samples, increasing the bronchoscopy, the positive rate for peripheral lung cancer early diagnosis was very helpful.
(D) mediastinal examination mainly used to identify the type of mediastinal the scope of lung cancer. The sternal notch on the edge of the short-transverse incision, along the midline incision vertical banded neck muscles and trachea before the fascia, a finger in the innominate artery and aortic arch blunt the rear compartment of separation before the trachea, carina arrived trachea, Add to mediastinoscopy Kuicha and swelling of the lymph nodes. Through the puncture or cut to attract pathological lymph nodes for biopsy. Lymph node-positive, especially the opposite mediastinal lymph nodes have been transferred or differentiation of lung cancer is lung resection of the contraindications.
(5) percutaneous lung biopsy and around the chest wall or mass infiltration of suspected peripheral lung cancer lesions or diffuse alveolar carcinoma of the fine applied to other diagnostic methods, failed to clear the nature of disease, the patient's physical condition is not suitable for post-mortem Chest exploration of the cases, lung biopsy may be percutaneous. Perspective on television in the X-ray to determine the lesion site, in the testator under local anesthesia patients breath when the needle will be inserted into the lesion site, pull out the needle core, linking 30 ~ 50 ml syringes, with works in the suction of the rotating needle And then quickly pull out the needle, the collection of specimens sent for pathological examination. Percutaneous after lung puncture should pay close attention to whether with pneumothorax, chest and blood hemoptysis. Inspection of lung cancer cases around the positive rate of 80%, rate of complications is not high. Transferred to the pleural disease can also be taken through the skin puncture pleural Organization for pathological examination.
(6) radionuclide check 67 Ga-citrate and other radioactive substances and transfer of lung cancer lesions have affinity, after the intravenous injection of concentration in cancer, lung cancer can be used for the position that the scope of cancer, the positive rate Up to 90 percent. However, lung inflammation and tuberculosis, and other non-cancerous lesions can also show concentration phenomenon. Must therefore be combined with clinical examination and other performance data analysis. 133 Xe used for lung ventilation and perfusion scan of lung cancer lesions on both sides of the impact of lung function, which helps determine the treatment indications.
(7) lesion biopsy transfer of advanced lung cancer cases have been on the collarbone, neck, armpits, etc. superficial metastasis or metastatic nodules in the skin, can cut the transfer organization for pathological lesions or puncture biopsy taken from the Organization for Tu - Checks to clear diagnosis.
(8) mediastinal incision of mediastinal Kuicha difficult examination in the left aortic arch below the level before the mediastinal lesions situation. A small number of central lung cancer cases in order to avoid unnecessary thoracotomy of the adverse consequences of the purposes of the body could be considered less traumatic incision of the mediastinum. The left front sternum No. 2 intercostal incision, or removal of clothing under a short paragraph or 2 / 3 and costal cartilage, blood vessels in the thorax ligation, will open the pleura to be shown outside of mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes, easy to take Organization for a pathological examination. Such methods are not yet widely used, but for some cases in the development of treatment programmes have a certain value.
(9) thoracotomy exploration of lung tumors by various methods of inspection and test the short-term treatment failed to clear the nature of disease and lung cancer, also can not rule out the possibility, if the patient systemic conditions permit, should be exploration of thoracotomy. Of disease and in accordance with the pathological findings, the corresponding treatment. This would avoid delays caused illness early treatment of lung cancer cases lost time.
In short, these middle-aged patients, especially men have a long habit of smoking, showing irritation cough or respiratory symptoms such as bloody sputum or bone and joint swelling and pain, pestle-like that (toe), neck lymph nodes, and so on, should be Guard against the possibility of lung cancer, immediately chest X-ray and sputum for sending repeat cytology. Pulmonary tuberculosis or inflammatory disease and failed to identify who can give the appropriate short-term anti-inflammatory or anti-tuberculosis medication, to review chest film, such as lesions or it has not dissipated the increase in the diagnosis of cancer and has not yet been determined, would A bronchoscopy, with lesions and other parts of the examination. Various checks were not received positive conclusion, lung cancer can not rule out the possibility, if the patient systemic conditions permit, which should be implemented as soon as possible exploration of thoracotomy.
(1) X-X-ray inspection diagnosis of lung cancer is the most commonly used means important. Through X-ray examination of lung cancer can learn the location and size. Early lung cancer cases although the X-ray examination have not been able to show mass, but may see as bronchial obstruction caused by local emphysema, lung lesions or not the neighbouring parts of invasive disease or lung inflammation changed. Chang revealed that central lung cancer or the side of the whole lobe atelectasis (Figure: Figure 67-14 (1)), near the edge of Bu Zhengqi hilar or sub-district phyllodes tumor and lymph node swelling image. Tumor necrosis lesions central part of a hollow show that while there are mass eccentric lucent, empty wall, the wall rugged, showed less liquid plane (Figure: Figure 67-14 (2)). The most common type of lung cancer around the X-ray showed lung field position edge of the circle formed isolated Oval block video in diameter from 1 ~ 2 cm ~ 5 ~ 6cm or greater. Block shadow outline of irregular, often show little or notch-leaf, fuzzy edges, Mao Cao, a regular small burr short video (below: Figure 67-14 (3)). Disease can still progress after a mass around atelectasis, pneumonia, pleural effusion, and other features. High-voltage radiography help determine the nature of disease. Hilar area around the tumor for the most part squamous cell carcinoma and small cell undifferentiated carcinoma, which frequently have obstructive pneumonia, lung or lung is not changed, and hilar and / or lymph node enlargement. Most large cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of small cell carcinoma and lung field at the edge site, the Ministry of cancer Feijian mostly squamous cell carcinoma. Mass greater than 4 cm in diameter, often as squamous cell carcinoma, and the formation of cancer more often empty. Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma of the X-ray findings for the most part isolated peripheral nodular lesions, the wider scope of nodular invasion, similar to bronchial or Lobar Pneumonia, sometimes show empty.
Perspective on chest X-ray observation of the diaphragm movement, will help determine whether the phrenic nerve tumor was violated. Standard fault radiography shows central lung cancer bronchial obstruction, the difference between cancer and inflammation change the image, clearly shows that lung cancer and sub-block video phyllodes shape, and hilar lymph node swelling, and video pieces in the show whether calcification Lesions. In recent years computer tomography (CT) has been in widespread clinical use. This method can display three-dimensional structure of thin cross-sectional images, to avoid disease and normal tissue images overlap, the early detection of X-ray examination generally hidden areas (such as Feijian, diaphragm, spinal side, near the chest wall pleura, the heart of the rear , Mediastinum, etc.) of lung cancer lesions, lymph node clear whether the increase, and so on, are diagnostic value. CT scans can show that less than 5 mm in diameter nodular lesions in the lungs, thus early detection of primary or secondary lung cancer. CT of the various pulmonary diseases has a good ability to distinguish between density and can help identify the nature and the lesions clear whether calcified lesions. Bronchial tumor imaging can show that due to the brink of deterioration bronchial cavity, filling defect, a narrow cavity or irregular interruption of the bronchoscopy failed to arrive at the origin of the lung or bronchial sub-paragraph of the peripheral lung cancer or adenomas with diagnosis of bronchial (Graphic: Figure 67-15). Barium X-ray examination of the meals help to understand mediastinal lung cancer and esophagus were violations of the situation. Pulmonary angiography to determine whether the tumor of the left and right, and pulmonary artery near the left and right atrium, will help determine the type of lung cancer with the possibility, but has fewer applications.
(B) cytology majority of primary lung cancer patients in the sputum may be available in the shedding of cancer cells, cancer cells and determine the types of organizations. Therefore sputum cytology survey and diagnosis of lung cancer is a simple and effective way. Gargle with water after getting up from the deep lung Kechu fresh sputum or bronchial washing the aspiration of the bronchial secretions can serve as a check samples. Repeatedly sputum cytology can enhance the positive rate. Central lung cancer sputum cytology, the positive rate of 70 to 90 percent, peripheral lung cancer smear-positive rate is only about 50 percent, negative sputum cytology can not rule out the possibility of lung cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma, mostly in the larger bronchial tumor growth to the lumen, the cancer cell surface shedding so easy to smear-positive rate is high and determine the type of organization is also more accurate. Undifferentiated small cell carcinoma smear-positive rate is high, but difficult to determine the type of organization.
Lung cancer transferred to the pleural cavity or pericardial cavity, a pleural effusion, or cardiac cases, taking part effusion, the centrifugal treatment for precipitation for smears, to find cancer cells, can be diagnosed.
(C) bronchoscopy bronchoscopy diagnosis of lung cancer is an important measure. Bronchoscopy through direct Kuicha of endobronchial and the pathological changes in the lumen. Insight into cancer or cancer of the invasion, organizations can be taken for pathology biopsy, or bronchial secretions lessons for cytology, a clear diagnosis and determine the type of organization. However, due to bronchial vascular rich adenoma, it is not appropriate for bronchoscopic biopsy, so as not to cause massive bleeding. Bronchoscopy and bronchial eminence can still observe the location, shape, width and activities, organizations need to take a pathological examination was helpful for understanding the scope of diseases, resection of the possibilities and scope of the lung resection. The use of the hard-bronchoscopy can only glimpse the larger bronchial, the central lung cancer diagnosis of the larger. Over the past 20 years fiber-guided bronchoscopy is widely used, such bronchoscopy smaller diameter, soft flexible, able to Shenru each lobe, lung and the majority of sub-paragraph of the bronchial, and brush or in the application of X-ray positioning of the television lens Add to the lung tissue of living within the organization clamp, taken for pathological examination of samples, increasing the bronchoscopy, the positive rate for peripheral lung cancer early diagnosis was very helpful.
(D) mediastinal examination mainly used to identify the type of mediastinal the scope of lung cancer. The sternal notch on the edge of the short-transverse incision, along the midline incision vertical banded neck muscles and trachea before the fascia, a finger in the innominate artery and aortic arch blunt the rear compartment of separation before the trachea, carina arrived trachea, Add to mediastinoscopy Kuicha and swelling of the lymph nodes. Through the puncture or cut to attract pathological lymph nodes for biopsy. Lymph node-positive, especially the opposite mediastinal lymph nodes have been transferred or differentiation of lung cancer is lung resection of the contraindications.
(5) percutaneous lung biopsy and around the chest wall or mass infiltration of suspected peripheral lung cancer lesions or diffuse alveolar carcinoma of the fine applied to other diagnostic methods, failed to clear the nature of disease, the patient's physical condition is not suitable for post-mortem Chest exploration of the cases, lung biopsy may be percutaneous. Perspective on television in the X-ray to determine the lesion site, in the testator under local anesthesia patients breath when the needle will be inserted into the lesion site, pull out the needle core, linking 30 ~ 50 ml syringes, with works in the suction of the rotating needle And then quickly pull out the needle, the collection of specimens sent for pathological examination. Percutaneous after lung puncture should pay close attention to whether with pneumothorax, chest and blood hemoptysis. Inspection of lung cancer cases around the positive rate of 80%, rate of complications is not high. Transferred to the pleural disease can also be taken through the skin puncture pleural Organization for pathological examination.
(6) radionuclide check 67 Ga-citrate and other radioactive substances and transfer of lung cancer lesions have affinity, after the intravenous injection of concentration in cancer, lung cancer can be used for the position that the scope of cancer, the positive rate Up to 90 percent. However, lung inflammation and tuberculosis, and other non-cancerous lesions can also show concentration phenomenon. Must therefore be combined with clinical examination and other performance data analysis. 133 Xe used for lung ventilation and perfusion scan of lung cancer lesions on both sides of the impact of lung function, which helps determine the treatment indications.
(7) lesion biopsy transfer of advanced lung cancer cases have been on the collarbone, neck, armpits, etc. superficial metastasis or metastatic nodules in the skin, can cut the transfer organization for pathological lesions or puncture biopsy taken from the Organization for Tu - Checks to clear diagnosis.
(8) mediastinal incision of mediastinal Kuicha difficult examination in the left aortic arch below the level before the mediastinal lesions situation. A small number of central lung cancer cases in order to avoid unnecessary thoracotomy of the adverse consequences of the purposes of the body could be considered less traumatic incision of the mediastinum. The left front sternum No. 2 intercostal incision, or removal of clothing under a short paragraph or 2 / 3 and costal cartilage, blood vessels in the thorax ligation, will open the pleura to be shown outside of mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes, easy to take Organization for a pathological examination. Such methods are not yet widely used, but for some cases in the development of treatment programmes have a certain value.
(9) thoracotomy exploration of lung tumors by various methods of inspection and test the short-term treatment failed to clear the nature of disease and lung cancer, also can not rule out the possibility, if the patient systemic conditions permit, should be exploration of thoracotomy. Of disease and in accordance with the pathological findings, the corresponding treatment. This would avoid delays caused illness early treatment of lung cancer cases lost time.
In short, these middle-aged patients, especially men have a long habit of smoking, showing irritation cough or respiratory symptoms such as bloody sputum or bone and joint swelling and pain, pestle-like that (toe), neck lymph nodes, and so on, should be Guard against the possibility of lung cancer, immediately chest X-ray and sputum for sending repeat cytology. Pulmonary tuberculosis or inflammatory disease and failed to identify who can give the appropriate short-term anti-inflammatory or anti-tuberculosis medication, to review chest film, such as lesions or it has not dissipated the increase in the diagnosis of cancer and has not yet been determined, would A bronchoscopy, with lesions and other parts of the examination. Various checks were not received positive conclusion, lung cancer can not rule out the possibility, if the patient systemic conditions permit, which should be implemented as soon as possible exploration of thoracotomy.
On the knowledge of lung cancer
Primary lung cancer called bronchoalveolar carcinoma, the primary means in the pulmonary and bronchial mucous membrane of tumor, is one of the most common malignant tumor. Nearly half a century, the countries of lung cancer morbidity and mortality in the sharp rise in industrial developed countries rose more significantly, such as Britain, the United States, West Germany, Canada and other countries, lung cancer ranks the top male cancer deaths. China's industrial cities and some individual mining area has a similar phenomenon. Such as the Shanghai male lung cancer mortality rate (52.0/10 million, since 1978 has leapt to the top of all cancer mortality.
Most lung cancer patients are men, women and men a ratio of about 4 to 8:1. But in recent years the gap between the growing incidence of both sexes narrowed. The incidence increases with age, 50-60-year-old rising particularly significant. High mortality of the disease, despite all kinds of treatment, the average five-year survival rate of less than 10 percent.
Symptoms of lung cancer
About 5 percent to 10 percent of early lung cancer patients have no symptoms, only when medical x line to be found. More than 90 percent of the patients have symptoms, but not the specific early symptoms, in general, will have four categories.
(1) pulmonary symptoms
① cough: is the most common symptoms, about 2 / 3 of patients have such symptoms. Can be a mild cough, it can also be a serious cough, sputum ranging from the number. But in a long-term chronic cough patients once the changing nature of cough, or frequency or a night cough, it is necessary to guard against lung cancer. Continuing difficult to control cough lung cancer is one of the most painful symptoms.
② hemoptysis: half of the lung cancer patients have such symptoms. 40-year-old man was smoking more than once the bloody sputum, Blood-streaked phlegm or small blood clots, lung cancer is the possibility of a large, this is also one of the early symptoms of lung cancer.
③ chest pain: 30% to 40% of the lung and chest pain patients, is generally not keen intermittent chest pain. Duntong performance for the drilling or pain, and sustainable for a few minutes to a few hours. Such as cancer and pleural invasion is more intense pain, continuous and fixed. Such as lung cancer early reproduction chest pain, later said the pain in poor prognosis.
④ fever: Lung cancer is the most fever caused by bronchial tumor cavity obstruction, the result of poor drainage caused inflammation. Early treatment with antibiotics, the body temperature return to normal, but easy to relapse. Larger tumors, inflammatory Center in necrosis, due to the absorption of toxins from the body temperature higher. Sometimes flip-day heat, a few months, repeated anti-inflammatory treatment does not work, once the tumor removed, the body temperature returned to normal immediately. Check in lung cancer patients had no inflammation, but it is obvious fever, often the tumor itself is the cause, the so-called "cancer of the fever", the temperature often 38 c below. Male smokers over the age of 45 long-term lung inflammation fever, poor treatment of lung cancer are particularly alert to the possibility.
⑤ chest tightness, shortness of breath: In addition to obstruction of bronchial tumor does not cause lung inflammation of the lungs and can cause shortness of breath, chest tightness, and more generally in the advanced lung cancer more obvious, especially when there is Duoliang hydrothorax more prominent.
(2), chest, lung performance: As of pleural cancer: chest wall and mediastinal organs and nerves within the chest, the chest can cause a range of performance. Violations of pleural tumors can cause respiratory pain and pleural effusion (pleural effusion), pleural effusion that the prognosis for the bloody bad. Malignant pleural effusion can be found within the tumor cells are lost opportunities for surgery. Mediastinal tumor more involved lymph node is due to transfer from a small number of direct infringement. 5% of patients because of pressure on the vena cava tumor caused swelling over his shoulder and upper limbs, intravenous Nuzhang, headache, difficulty in breathing, that is already late. Oppression of esophageal cancer can cause difficulty swallowing, violations of the recurrent laryngeal nerve can cause voice hoarse.
(3) Xiongwai transfer performance: Lung cancer often along the lymphatic vessels and the transfer to the neck lymph nodes, liver, adrenal gland, bone, kidney and brain metastases common. Nearly 15 percent of the patients is metastasis to the first performance in small-cell lung cancer and cancer of the blood transfer of the most common.
(4) Xiongwai transfer of non-performance: Xiongwai transfer of non-performance of only 2 percent of patients can appear, but the symptoms of complicated, involving more systems, mechanisms of unknown etiology. Bones are common manifestations, such as the pestle fingers (toe) and bone and joint diseases; neuromuscular performance, such as myopathy, and peripheral neuropathy, cerebellar degeneration, and so on; endocrine performance, such as Cushing's syndrome, in abnormal hormone secretion, type Cancer syndrome, hypercalcemia, and so on; vascular performance, such as phlebitis, endocarditis; performance of the blood, such as anemia, Purpura, leukemoid reaction, and so on; performance of the skin, such as black spike skin disease, scleroderma, and so on.
(5) general performance: the general performance of lung cancer and other malignancies may appear like anorexia, weight loss, weakness, there could be the final solution of evil, and so on.
Most lung cancer patients are men, women and men a ratio of about 4 to 8:1. But in recent years the gap between the growing incidence of both sexes narrowed. The incidence increases with age, 50-60-year-old rising particularly significant. High mortality of the disease, despite all kinds of treatment, the average five-year survival rate of less than 10 percent.
Symptoms of lung cancer
About 5 percent to 10 percent of early lung cancer patients have no symptoms, only when medical x line to be found. More than 90 percent of the patients have symptoms, but not the specific early symptoms, in general, will have four categories.
(1) pulmonary symptoms
① cough: is the most common symptoms, about 2 / 3 of patients have such symptoms. Can be a mild cough, it can also be a serious cough, sputum ranging from the number. But in a long-term chronic cough patients once the changing nature of cough, or frequency or a night cough, it is necessary to guard against lung cancer. Continuing difficult to control cough lung cancer is one of the most painful symptoms.
② hemoptysis: half of the lung cancer patients have such symptoms. 40-year-old man was smoking more than once the bloody sputum, Blood-streaked phlegm or small blood clots, lung cancer is the possibility of a large, this is also one of the early symptoms of lung cancer.
③ chest pain: 30% to 40% of the lung and chest pain patients, is generally not keen intermittent chest pain. Duntong performance for the drilling or pain, and sustainable for a few minutes to a few hours. Such as cancer and pleural invasion is more intense pain, continuous and fixed. Such as lung cancer early reproduction chest pain, later said the pain in poor prognosis.
④ fever: Lung cancer is the most fever caused by bronchial tumor cavity obstruction, the result of poor drainage caused inflammation. Early treatment with antibiotics, the body temperature return to normal, but easy to relapse. Larger tumors, inflammatory Center in necrosis, due to the absorption of toxins from the body temperature higher. Sometimes flip-day heat, a few months, repeated anti-inflammatory treatment does not work, once the tumor removed, the body temperature returned to normal immediately. Check in lung cancer patients had no inflammation, but it is obvious fever, often the tumor itself is the cause, the so-called "cancer of the fever", the temperature often 38 c below. Male smokers over the age of 45 long-term lung inflammation fever, poor treatment of lung cancer are particularly alert to the possibility.
⑤ chest tightness, shortness of breath: In addition to obstruction of bronchial tumor does not cause lung inflammation of the lungs and can cause shortness of breath, chest tightness, and more generally in the advanced lung cancer more obvious, especially when there is Duoliang hydrothorax more prominent.
(2), chest, lung performance: As of pleural cancer: chest wall and mediastinal organs and nerves within the chest, the chest can cause a range of performance. Violations of pleural tumors can cause respiratory pain and pleural effusion (pleural effusion), pleural effusion that the prognosis for the bloody bad. Malignant pleural effusion can be found within the tumor cells are lost opportunities for surgery. Mediastinal tumor more involved lymph node is due to transfer from a small number of direct infringement. 5% of patients because of pressure on the vena cava tumor caused swelling over his shoulder and upper limbs, intravenous Nuzhang, headache, difficulty in breathing, that is already late. Oppression of esophageal cancer can cause difficulty swallowing, violations of the recurrent laryngeal nerve can cause voice hoarse.
(3) Xiongwai transfer performance: Lung cancer often along the lymphatic vessels and the transfer to the neck lymph nodes, liver, adrenal gland, bone, kidney and brain metastases common. Nearly 15 percent of the patients is metastasis to the first performance in small-cell lung cancer and cancer of the blood transfer of the most common.
(4) Xiongwai transfer of non-performance: Xiongwai transfer of non-performance of only 2 percent of patients can appear, but the symptoms of complicated, involving more systems, mechanisms of unknown etiology. Bones are common manifestations, such as the pestle fingers (toe) and bone and joint diseases; neuromuscular performance, such as myopathy, and peripheral neuropathy, cerebellar degeneration, and so on; endocrine performance, such as Cushing's syndrome, in abnormal hormone secretion, type Cancer syndrome, hypercalcemia, and so on; vascular performance, such as phlebitis, endocarditis; performance of the blood, such as anemia, Purpura, leukemoid reaction, and so on; performance of the skin, such as black spike skin disease, scleroderma, and so on.
(5) general performance: the general performance of lung cancer and other malignancies may appear like anorexia, weight loss, weakness, there could be the final solution of evil, and so on.
Chinese medicine for lung cancer patients what role
1) to improve the symptoms of lung cancer: such as lung cancer patients with long-term low heat, and even high fever, cough, loss of appetite, eating less, night sweats, fatigue, abnormal stool (constipation or dilute it), hemoptysis, or even a small number of intractable repeated hemoptysis, Chinese medicine may improve symptoms by.
(2) reduce the chemotherapy and radiotherapy response: In Chinese medicine, radiotherapy three to five days before the beginning of service, ease of radiotherapy response, so that patients on chemotherapy and radiotherapy enhance tolerance. Will enable a smooth completion of radiotherapy treatment, prevention of radioactive reaction; conducive to the successful completion of intermittent, combined with chemotherapy in the long-term treatment may also improve the radiotherapy and chemotherapy effect.
(3) to improve immune function: It was reported in Chinese medicine can improve immune function, it may be cured of cancer conducive to the achievement of the objective.
(4) to improve physical condition, improve the quality of life.
(2) reduce the chemotherapy and radiotherapy response: In Chinese medicine, radiotherapy three to five days before the beginning of service, ease of radiotherapy response, so that patients on chemotherapy and radiotherapy enhance tolerance. Will enable a smooth completion of radiotherapy treatment, prevention of radioactive reaction; conducive to the successful completion of intermittent, combined with chemotherapy in the long-term treatment may also improve the radiotherapy and chemotherapy effect.
(3) to improve immune function: It was reported in Chinese medicine can improve immune function, it may be cured of cancer conducive to the achievement of the objective.
(4) to improve physical condition, improve the quality of life.
Cervical bone hyperplasia » Medium-term lung cancer!
Irritating cough, sputum expectoration Blood-streaked phlegm especially chest symptoms such as chest pain and easily let people think of lung cancer, lung cancer but in fact a variety of clinical manifestations. Experts pointed out that many patients with lung cancer is not the first in the lung. Some seemingly with lung cancer, "8 Ganzi Dabu Zhao," the symptoms, the culprit is precisely the cancer cells produce bioactive substances.
"Apart from the irritating cough, sputum expectoration Blood-streaked phlegm and in particular the chest symptoms such as chest pain, the clinical manifestations of lung cancer and cancer of the location, size, or whether the oppression of nearby organs, nerves or blood vessels, and there is also closely related to transfer . "Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital of cardiac thoracic surgery smooth Zheng, deputy director of physicians, for example in patients with advanced lung cancer, bronchial obstruction can lead to cancer because of shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, or because of swollen lymph nodes oppression lead to esophageal dysphagia, or RLN involvement caused hoarseness, can also have systemic symptoms such as fever, weight loss and systemic failure, and so on.
Some of lung cancer can also produce some biological substances. "These bioactive substances caused the clinical symptoms apparently no relationship with lung cancer, it is not easy for most people think of lung cancer," Zheng said the smooth, medical lung cancer is usually referred to as "the performance of the lung" or "deputy cancer syndrome."
Cervical bone hyperplasia » Medium-term lung cancer!
59-year-old Chen started early this year that the right shoulder and upper limb does not apply. As he usually little sick, feel that this is a small problem, and have never for treatment. A month later, due to more severe symptoms, Chen was to urge the family to the hospital for an examination. Doctors asked him to check cervical films and chest film. "Without major problems, why should more money» "stubborn Chen only shoot a film cervical spine, the report as" cervical bone hyperplasia. " He is small clinic on their own to "cervical bone hyperplasia" treatment, symptoms really started to improve in, which strengthened Chen's "confidence."
However, a few months later, Bo right shoulder and right upper limb pain more and more serious, and even affect sleep. Chen Guaiguai according to the requirements of doctors made a chest film. Results from one, frighten everyone jump: "shadow of the right upper Feijian six centimeters in diameter, a small amount of fluid right chest, the nature of unknown origin."
The doctor told family members: "According to results of chest film, first of all to consider lung cancer, but has not early!" Incredible family immediately arrange for Chen to the chest CT examination, examination of bronchial fiber, whole body bone scan and find cancer cells taken from pleural effusion, and so on. The results showed that Chen's really suffering lung cancer and has to medium term. The only consolation is worth, but also found no cancer cells in distant metastasis. However, Chen's condition at this time, surgery can complete with lesions, doctors said frankly that "not sure."
Feijian long tumor cough, Xue Tan was not obvious
Chen's experience, but many lung cancer is the "performance of the lung," or "deputy cancer syndrome," the epitome of patients. According to Zheng smooth analysis, Chen's lung cancer occurred in Feijian location, far from the main bronchus, cough, Xue Tan, and other respiratory symptoms was not obvious, but also because of relatively hidden location, developed symptoms relatively late. Wait until the invasion of peripheral nerve and muscle to appear when the shoulder and upper limb pain as the main performance of the clinical symptoms, it is also known as "Pancoast tumors."
It is learned that this type of lung cancer patients as early as mid-term symptoms to the chest, shoulder or upper limb pain-based, easily misdiagnosed as "cervical bone hyperplasia" or "shoulder arthritis." If left untreated, the tumor will continue to invade, in addition can cause chest, shoulders and upper limbs severe pain, but also because of pressure on the vena cava tumor caused cancer of the upper limb edema, or chest ganglion led to the first "Horner levy" The emergence of performance on the same side as the eyelids droop, Eyes narrowed, and face no enophthalmos, such as Khan.
It is worth mentioning that this special position of lung cancer: cancer of the clinical thoracic known as the location of the entrance, near a number of important large blood vessels and nerves. Moreover, tumors are often difficult to find, check out one of the most advanced in the vicinity of blood vessels, nerves and chest wall already been affected, surgery is very difficult and very risky. Therefore, early detection and early treatment is the key.
Guard against lung cancer, "the lung of performance"
Lung cancer, "the performance of the lung" or "deputy cancer syndrome" performance has varied. For example, lung cancer cells to produce the ACTH (ACTH), can cause "Cushing's syndrome" (Cushing "ssyndrome). Cheng said the smooth, normal human body by the concentration of ACTH good control, the need to maintain normal body However, if lung cancer cells produce large numbers of ACTH, can produce a large number of adrenal glucocorticoid, which led to a round face, back and limbs thick thinner as the performance of the special shape, similar to the performance of too many clothes hormone, in fact, it is " Cushing's syndrome. "
Some of lung cancer, "deputy cancer syndrome" because of joint pain and treatment, or even have long-term use of anti-rheumatoid drugs, the final chest imaging examination found that lung disease. This from lung cancer caused by joint disease, known as the "lungs of the joint disease." If the tip swollen fingers or toes, fingers or toes look like Guchui, clinically known as the "pestle-like means," This joint pulmonary disease known as hypertrophic pulmonary joint disease.
There are a small number of patients with lung cancer for the performance of male breast increase, grow, "breast", or high blood calcium, peripheral nerve feel abnormal or decreased muscle strength, and so on. However, Cheng stressed that the smooth, and above all of these symptoms are not due to cancer caused by the transfer, after the tumor was corresponding with the disappearance of bioactive substances and disappeared.
"Apart from the irritating cough, sputum expectoration Blood-streaked phlegm and in particular the chest symptoms such as chest pain, the clinical manifestations of lung cancer and cancer of the location, size, or whether the oppression of nearby organs, nerves or blood vessels, and there is also closely related to transfer . "Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital of cardiac thoracic surgery smooth Zheng, deputy director of physicians, for example in patients with advanced lung cancer, bronchial obstruction can lead to cancer because of shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, or because of swollen lymph nodes oppression lead to esophageal dysphagia, or RLN involvement caused hoarseness, can also have systemic symptoms such as fever, weight loss and systemic failure, and so on.
Some of lung cancer can also produce some biological substances. "These bioactive substances caused the clinical symptoms apparently no relationship with lung cancer, it is not easy for most people think of lung cancer," Zheng said the smooth, medical lung cancer is usually referred to as "the performance of the lung" or "deputy cancer syndrome."
Cervical bone hyperplasia » Medium-term lung cancer!
59-year-old Chen started early this year that the right shoulder and upper limb does not apply. As he usually little sick, feel that this is a small problem, and have never for treatment. A month later, due to more severe symptoms, Chen was to urge the family to the hospital for an examination. Doctors asked him to check cervical films and chest film. "Without major problems, why should more money» "stubborn Chen only shoot a film cervical spine, the report as" cervical bone hyperplasia. " He is small clinic on their own to "cervical bone hyperplasia" treatment, symptoms really started to improve in, which strengthened Chen's "confidence."
However, a few months later, Bo right shoulder and right upper limb pain more and more serious, and even affect sleep. Chen Guaiguai according to the requirements of doctors made a chest film. Results from one, frighten everyone jump: "shadow of the right upper Feijian six centimeters in diameter, a small amount of fluid right chest, the nature of unknown origin."
The doctor told family members: "According to results of chest film, first of all to consider lung cancer, but has not early!" Incredible family immediately arrange for Chen to the chest CT examination, examination of bronchial fiber, whole body bone scan and find cancer cells taken from pleural effusion, and so on. The results showed that Chen's really suffering lung cancer and has to medium term. The only consolation is worth, but also found no cancer cells in distant metastasis. However, Chen's condition at this time, surgery can complete with lesions, doctors said frankly that "not sure."
Feijian long tumor cough, Xue Tan was not obvious
Chen's experience, but many lung cancer is the "performance of the lung," or "deputy cancer syndrome," the epitome of patients. According to Zheng smooth analysis, Chen's lung cancer occurred in Feijian location, far from the main bronchus, cough, Xue Tan, and other respiratory symptoms was not obvious, but also because of relatively hidden location, developed symptoms relatively late. Wait until the invasion of peripheral nerve and muscle to appear when the shoulder and upper limb pain as the main performance of the clinical symptoms, it is also known as "Pancoast tumors."
It is learned that this type of lung cancer patients as early as mid-term symptoms to the chest, shoulder or upper limb pain-based, easily misdiagnosed as "cervical bone hyperplasia" or "shoulder arthritis." If left untreated, the tumor will continue to invade, in addition can cause chest, shoulders and upper limbs severe pain, but also because of pressure on the vena cava tumor caused cancer of the upper limb edema, or chest ganglion led to the first "Horner levy" The emergence of performance on the same side as the eyelids droop, Eyes narrowed, and face no enophthalmos, such as Khan.
It is worth mentioning that this special position of lung cancer: cancer of the clinical thoracic known as the location of the entrance, near a number of important large blood vessels and nerves. Moreover, tumors are often difficult to find, check out one of the most advanced in the vicinity of blood vessels, nerves and chest wall already been affected, surgery is very difficult and very risky. Therefore, early detection and early treatment is the key.
Guard against lung cancer, "the lung of performance"
Lung cancer, "the performance of the lung" or "deputy cancer syndrome" performance has varied. For example, lung cancer cells to produce the ACTH (ACTH), can cause "Cushing's syndrome" (Cushing "ssyndrome). Cheng said the smooth, normal human body by the concentration of ACTH good control, the need to maintain normal body However, if lung cancer cells produce large numbers of ACTH, can produce a large number of adrenal glucocorticoid, which led to a round face, back and limbs thick thinner as the performance of the special shape, similar to the performance of too many clothes hormone, in fact, it is " Cushing's syndrome. "
Some of lung cancer, "deputy cancer syndrome" because of joint pain and treatment, or even have long-term use of anti-rheumatoid drugs, the final chest imaging examination found that lung disease. This from lung cancer caused by joint disease, known as the "lungs of the joint disease." If the tip swollen fingers or toes, fingers or toes look like Guchui, clinically known as the "pestle-like means," This joint pulmonary disease known as hypertrophic pulmonary joint disease.
There are a small number of patients with lung cancer for the performance of male breast increase, grow, "breast", or high blood calcium, peripheral nerve feel abnormal or decreased muscle strength, and so on. However, Cheng stressed that the smooth, and above all of these symptoms are not due to cancer caused by the transfer, after the tumor was corresponding with the disappearance of bioactive substances and disappeared.
Worried about lung infection is superfluous
Many people are worried about lung cancer will spread, experts advise: No, the exact said that so far the cancer will spread.
The so-called transmission, is a disease from one person through some sort of transmission to another person. Transmission must have three conditions: The source of infection, transmission and the susceptible population, one can not do all three. Clinical data show that cancer patients are not infectious.
Before, we all think that "pulmonary disease" is contagious, this "lung" is tuberculosis. Patients suffering from tuberculosis in sputum-positive at the open as tuberculosis, a contagious and therefore met cough, sputum, blood in the sputum of patients should pay attention to disease prevention. Tuberculosis is transmitted by respiratory diseases, lung cancer and tuberculosis different, lung cancer is in a variety of different factors, the local cell dysplasia, loss of normal cells and dynamic form of cancer. The sputum from the sputum of cancer due to water evaporation and other reasons, the rapid cancer cell degeneration and necrosis, even if fresh sputum, to make cancer cells in vitro growth, reproduction, but also need to give all kinds of nutrition and specific conditions. Scientists to foster a live cancer cells often require untold hardships can be successful, the cancer will not be borne.
Animal experiments, will take of animals and non-keeping of animals common, after a very long time and found no direct its transmission. Some families have more than a lung cancer or other tumors, this may be with family members and have a common gene and they may be at the same carcinogens in the environment. Such as smoking, radioactive substances, such as contacts, with members of the family can have a malignant tumor.
The so-called transmission, is a disease from one person through some sort of transmission to another person. Transmission must have three conditions: The source of infection, transmission and the susceptible population, one can not do all three. Clinical data show that cancer patients are not infectious.
Before, we all think that "pulmonary disease" is contagious, this "lung" is tuberculosis. Patients suffering from tuberculosis in sputum-positive at the open as tuberculosis, a contagious and therefore met cough, sputum, blood in the sputum of patients should pay attention to disease prevention. Tuberculosis is transmitted by respiratory diseases, lung cancer and tuberculosis different, lung cancer is in a variety of different factors, the local cell dysplasia, loss of normal cells and dynamic form of cancer. The sputum from the sputum of cancer due to water evaporation and other reasons, the rapid cancer cell degeneration and necrosis, even if fresh sputum, to make cancer cells in vitro growth, reproduction, but also need to give all kinds of nutrition and specific conditions. Scientists to foster a live cancer cells often require untold hardships can be successful, the cancer will not be borne.
Animal experiments, will take of animals and non-keeping of animals common, after a very long time and found no direct its transmission. Some families have more than a lung cancer or other tumors, this may be with family members and have a common gene and they may be at the same carcinogens in the environment. Such as smoking, radioactive substances, such as contacts, with members of the family can have a malignant tumor.
Several measures of lung cancer care
Is the most common primary lung cancer, elderly people over the age of 60 is the high incidence of lung cancer age for senior citizens, the elderly suffering from cancer, its high degree of differentiation and proliferation slow, a higher survival rate of surgical resection , In the pathological type of lung cancer, phosphorus cancer risk in elderly men, aged women susceptible to cancer.
[Clinical]
The symptoms of lung cancer and cancer of the location, size, type and stage of development, transfer and whether or closely related complications.
1. The original cause of the symptoms of cancer
Cough, hemoptysis, and more sustained blood or sputum for intermittent blood. Bronchial tumor obstruction caused by stenosis, a chest tightness, shortness of breath, wheezing and other symptoms in obstructive pneumonia or atelectasis, or tumor necrosis can cause fever. Thinner and evil are common in heterogeneous cancer advanced.
2. Tumor symptoms caused by expansion of chest pain, difficulty swallowing, voice hoarse, the superior vena cava resistance, and other symptoms. Cancer is a transfer of the corresponding organs of the symptoms.
3. Pulmonary outside performance
To bone, bone diseases and endocrine disorders arising from the syndrome more common, that pestle-like means, mast osteoarthritis and Cushing's syndrome.
[Examinations]
Chest X-ray examination found that lung cancer is an important method, the cancer cells in sputum examination, examination of lung cancer is the most simple and effective early diagnostic methods, and to provide cell types. Fiber bronchoscopy and biopsy in the diagnosis of decisive significance.
[Treatment of]
In a variety of treatment options, to the best treatment. According to cancer anatomical location, type, metastasis and comprehensive situation of the body may choose surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, interventional therapy, Chinese herbal medicine treatment, and other measures.
[Nursing]
1. Understanding of the elderly diet, sleep and psychological state, and good psychological care, the sick elderly in a good state of mind and body status, so as to help improve treatment.
2. Prevention and control of infection.
3. Attention to observe conditions change, the more hemoptysis of the elderly should be prepared rescue goods, to prevent suffocation.
4. Advanced lung cancer of the elderly can be an appropriate use of analgesics and improve the quality of life of the elderly.
[Preventive care]
1. Lung cancer patients once the typical symptoms of a considerable part of lung cancer is advanced. Therefore, regular high-risk groups to X-ray inspection and screening, early detection of lung cancer, early treatment is important.
2. Promote smoking cessation, avoid and reduce inhalation of carcinogenic factors with the air and dust, to improve working and living conditions.
3. Prevention and treatment of lung cancer in the Health and Education, the elderly improve the vigilance of lung cancer, so early detection and early treatment.
[Clinical]
The symptoms of lung cancer and cancer of the location, size, type and stage of development, transfer and whether or closely related complications.
1. The original cause of the symptoms of cancer
Cough, hemoptysis, and more sustained blood or sputum for intermittent blood. Bronchial tumor obstruction caused by stenosis, a chest tightness, shortness of breath, wheezing and other symptoms in obstructive pneumonia or atelectasis, or tumor necrosis can cause fever. Thinner and evil are common in heterogeneous cancer advanced.
2. Tumor symptoms caused by expansion of chest pain, difficulty swallowing, voice hoarse, the superior vena cava resistance, and other symptoms. Cancer is a transfer of the corresponding organs of the symptoms.
3. Pulmonary outside performance
To bone, bone diseases and endocrine disorders arising from the syndrome more common, that pestle-like means, mast osteoarthritis and Cushing's syndrome.
[Examinations]
Chest X-ray examination found that lung cancer is an important method, the cancer cells in sputum examination, examination of lung cancer is the most simple and effective early diagnostic methods, and to provide cell types. Fiber bronchoscopy and biopsy in the diagnosis of decisive significance.
[Treatment of]
In a variety of treatment options, to the best treatment. According to cancer anatomical location, type, metastasis and comprehensive situation of the body may choose surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, interventional therapy, Chinese herbal medicine treatment, and other measures.
[Nursing]
1. Understanding of the elderly diet, sleep and psychological state, and good psychological care, the sick elderly in a good state of mind and body status, so as to help improve treatment.
2. Prevention and control of infection.
3. Attention to observe conditions change, the more hemoptysis of the elderly should be prepared rescue goods, to prevent suffocation.
4. Advanced lung cancer of the elderly can be an appropriate use of analgesics and improve the quality of life of the elderly.
[Preventive care]
1. Lung cancer patients once the typical symptoms of a considerable part of lung cancer is advanced. Therefore, regular high-risk groups to X-ray inspection and screening, early detection of lung cancer, early treatment is important.
2. Promote smoking cessation, avoid and reduce inhalation of carcinogenic factors with the air and dust, to improve working and living conditions.
3. Prevention and treatment of lung cancer in the Health and Education, the elderly improve the vigilance of lung cancer, so early detection and early treatment.
Comprehensive treatment of lung cancer
Comprehensive treatment of lung cancer, including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, immunization and treatment of Chinese medicine treatment. But treatment is not simply to increase by several means of treatment in a patient, but on the basis of the pathological type and stage, physical condition, and so do comprehensive analysis of the situation, select the most suitable treatment programmes, in order to get the best Treatment.
Which of the treatment should be «in which the main treatment, which supplemented» after the completion of each phase of the next step should be how do «the need to continue to do treatment» what to do »what to do»
These issues require professional and technical personnel to do comprehensive analysis and judgement to choose.
For non-small cell lung cancer (squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, etc.), usually the preferred treatment for surgery, particularly for patients with early radical surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy after supplemented by, and in line with immunization, such as Chinese medicine treatment, To prevent recurrence, transfer, enhance survival.
And small-cell lung cancer because of its unique biological characteristics, grade, the early transfer of the body may have, the more the current first choice does not advocate surgery, but mainly systemic chemotherapy, supplemented by radiotherapy. Intermittent during radiotherapy and chemotherapy, Chinese medicine can consolidate and immune therapy treatment.
And advanced lung cancer patients, the body has been transferred, surgery, radiation therapy has not as a local tumor control purposes, it should be the main choice of chemotherapy. To ease local pressure, bleeding, pain and other symptoms, can also be an appropriate choice of palliative surgery and radiotherapy. At this point in Chinese medicine treatment because of side effects and immune low toxicity, do not damage the body functions do not add to failure, but also for many of the optional, relieve pain, improve the quality of life, the role of extended life.
In short, the combination therapy is lung cancer surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, immunization, Chinese medicine treatment of organic synthesis, rather than simply stacking, the formulation of comprehensive treatment programme should be specialized technical personnel in accordance with the different circumstances of each patient made.
Which of the treatment should be «in which the main treatment, which supplemented» after the completion of each phase of the next step should be how do «the need to continue to do treatment» what to do »what to do»
These issues require professional and technical personnel to do comprehensive analysis and judgement to choose.
For non-small cell lung cancer (squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, etc.), usually the preferred treatment for surgery, particularly for patients with early radical surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy after supplemented by, and in line with immunization, such as Chinese medicine treatment, To prevent recurrence, transfer, enhance survival.
And small-cell lung cancer because of its unique biological characteristics, grade, the early transfer of the body may have, the more the current first choice does not advocate surgery, but mainly systemic chemotherapy, supplemented by radiotherapy. Intermittent during radiotherapy and chemotherapy, Chinese medicine can consolidate and immune therapy treatment.
And advanced lung cancer patients, the body has been transferred, surgery, radiation therapy has not as a local tumor control purposes, it should be the main choice of chemotherapy. To ease local pressure, bleeding, pain and other symptoms, can also be an appropriate choice of palliative surgery and radiotherapy. At this point in Chinese medicine treatment because of side effects and immune low toxicity, do not damage the body functions do not add to failure, but also for many of the optional, relieve pain, improve the quality of life, the role of extended life.
In short, the combination therapy is lung cancer surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, immunization, Chinese medicine treatment of organic synthesis, rather than simply stacking, the formulation of comprehensive treatment programme should be specialized technical personnel in accordance with the different circumstances of each patient made.
What factors can cause lung cancer ？
Smoking can cause lung cancer is the main cause. The risk of suffering from lung cancer as the number of cigarettes by suction, time and type of increase. Use a filter or low-tar content of cigarettes, although a slight decrease in lung cancer may be the opportunity, but still much higher non-smokers. If a person stop smoking, he is suffering from a lung cancer risk significantly reduced in 15 years stopped breathing after he received the chance of lung cancer and non-smokers like. If other people inhaled the smoke emitted, which is second-hand smoke, also made with a slightly increased risk of lung cancer, especially if you live with people who are smokers. Nevertheless, the risk of developing lung cancer than your own smoking is still low. Although smoking cigarettes or cigars bucket of the people suffering from lung cancer risk than the absorption of man-made cigarettes low, but still higher than non-smokers have. Contact with certain chemical substances such as asbestos, uranium, Ming, nickel and so may be related to lung cancer, of course, these are extremely rare causes.
Air pollution are often suspected to be caused by one of the causes of lung cancer, but difficult to prove. All along, the men, especially men over the age of 40, with a higher risk of lung cancer. In recent years, more women joined the ranks of smoking, suffering from lung cancer of the female population is constantly increasing.
Recent research shows that in certain food found in a natural material, for some types of cancer, including lung cancer, has provided some protection. This substance called Yehong-(BetaCarotene), in the body into vitamin A. Ye Hong-exist in the red and yellow vegetables and fruits, especially carrots, but also exist in some green plants, such as spinach, broccoli. Although eat more vegetables useful, but the best protection or not to smoke.
Air pollution are often suspected to be caused by one of the causes of lung cancer, but difficult to prove. All along, the men, especially men over the age of 40, with a higher risk of lung cancer. In recent years, more women joined the ranks of smoking, suffering from lung cancer of the female population is constantly increasing.
Recent research shows that in certain food found in a natural material, for some types of cancer, including lung cancer, has provided some protection. This substance called Yehong-(BetaCarotene), in the body into vitamin A. Ye Hong-exist in the red and yellow vegetables and fruits, especially carrots, but also exist in some green plants, such as spinach, broccoli. Although eat more vegetables useful, but the best protection or not to smoke.
Chinese medicine treatment of lung cancer!
Primary Lung Cancer (hereinafter referred to lung cancer) is one of common malignancies, particularly in major cities in China, the incidence rate ranks first in various types of cancer, but the incidence is still rising. At present, most of the treatment of the disease by surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, Chinese medicine, and other comprehensive measures. In recent years, Chinese medicine treatment of lung cancer has been noteworthy effect in alleviating symptoms and extended survival period has played a very good role. Early treatment of the disease preferred surgical resection, but for various reasons, medical treatment, most patients have advanced to the loss of the surgical treatment opportunities, and more characteristics of Chinese medicine treatment, especially for in advanced lung cancer, is by means other treatment Irreplaceable. Now clinical treatment summarized as follows:
1. Differential Treatment
General since the beginning of this disease for more than Xiedu phlegm and blood stasis pool in the lungs, focusing on evidence, not imaginary as weight, body upright Shangqiang through Treating, the condition can be improved. If not controlled, are Xiedu injury, pulmonary Spleen-Qi Deficiency, suppressed evil lack of power, Xiedu lung rumored to be further changed, or flow in the subcutaneous skin, or streamer on the viscera compartment, or in Zhijie bones, sex pulp loss Bone, on the nuisance or Xiedu-obsessed, and even fool-obsessed. Xusun increased consumption of gas blood injury, Shang Yin and Yang, if cut to meet Xingshou, "made from meat" Xusun failure of the disease, often indicates that patients have access to critical condition stage. As part of recurrence of lung cancer patients, can occur by the then Yang Qi, also graded for-blood deficiency, can show clinical lung splenorenal three of the dirty Qiyin the witness of the two injured, many indicate an extremely serious disease potential, poor treatment . In addition, "Tanreqing" often for lung cancer pathology evolution of the one aspect, the mechanism is more a result of heat caused by phlegm and blood stasis. Phlegm and blood stasis of the direct cause of heat is the result of Aikuai bronchial obstruction, resulting in poor drainage sputum, because of a secondary infection. If this transformation, clinical treatment, the cut-off approach must be taken, in order to achieve thermal control as quickly, to stop the rapid deterioration of the condition. Now at different stages of different clinical syndromes of treating as follows:
1. Evil plot of drug -
Cough more drama, Katan not easy, blood or sputum, Xiongxie pain, dark purple Shezhi, Moss thick veins string. This is the accumulation of Xiedu, phlegm and blood stasis gas stagnation. Zhiyi Ruanjiansanjie, detoxification Quxie. To use: Scutellaria barbata, Maozhao grass, the Health Committee with the theory 30 g, law Banxia, Melon, Prunella, cellular, Sunburn pangolins, Yang Shu-chuen, the 10 g, Sunburn Biejia 20 g. Xiedu Shing: Canada dry Toad clams Paper 6 g, Long Kwai grass, Sophora subprostrata, Selaginella, iron leaves the 10 g, partial heat: Canada bezoar 3 g, Hedyotis diffusa, see-through, Hibiscus leaves 20 g, partial Yinhan: Canadian Health Fuzi Health Radix Aconiti, the Health and Southern Star to 10 g.
2. Tanreqing Yu-lung
Impeded coughing, bloody sputum, chest tightness Xiongxie pain or shortness of breath, dry lips dry mouth, constipation big knot, or Anhong She Zhi-hong, Moss yellow, thin veins string or string. The permit for Ben Yu Lung-Qi, blood stasis Tanyong. Zhiyi Xuanfei Qi, Chu Tan Huayu. The use of gold Modified reed stems. Prescription: reed stems 30 g, Taoren, the Health coixenolide, Fuling, wax gourd-jen, Scrophulariaceae, trichosanthin, Shu-chuen, sheep, Zihuadeding, Sophora subprostrata, fleas off the 15 g, Zhejiang Fritillaria, Houttuynia, dandelion, wild Chrysanthemum, Hedyotis diffusa all 20 g, mulberry leaves, March 7, Cortex Lycii, Wan Chi, Kuan Donghua all 10 g, Shougong 5 g, law Banxia 12 g, Citrus, licorice all 6 g.
3, Qi Tan Shi -
Tanduo coughing, chest tightness short-and less-lazy statement, Nadai suffering from weight loss, abdominal distention it Tang. An Shezhi short or Danhong, a tooth-printed, Moss Baini, pulse Wenru or Waterloo. Lung-Qi is certified weak, and the mother of disease, loss of spleen-Yun, Tan Shi internal resistance. Air Jianpi Zhiyi, Chutan Sanjie. Side with the Senate Baishu Powder addition and subtraction. Prescription: Dangshen, the Health coixenolide all 20 g, Fuling, white tricks, Zhejiang Fritillaria, white lentils, fried pangolins (Xian Jian), the Senate too, Gynostemma, Ganoderma lucidum, astragalus, dangshen, white tricks, the 15 g Schisandra Yam 25 g, Hawthorn Coke, Coke Divine Comedy, Amomum villosum (after), the law Banxia all 10 g, Cordyceps sinensis, Citrus, bellflower, licorice all 6 g.
4, Yin-Tanreqing
Less cough sputum, or dry cough, Yangan discomfort, or Katan with Blood-streaked phlegm, chest full short breath, hot flashes night sweats, dizziness tinnitus, upset dry mouth, yellow urine, feces stem end. She Zhi-hong Jiang, moss-stripping or tongue-no moss, unable to clock a few strings. The permit for lung and kidney yin vacuity, guitar Tanreqing each other, Zhiyi Zishen Qingfei, Chutan heat. Prescription: Cortex Mori, Shengde Huang, Zhimu, Ophiopogon japonicus, Zhejiang Fritillaria, Biejia (Xian Jian), the Health coixenolide, Houttuynia, Nansha Senate and North Shashen, Yao Dong, Huang Jing, 100, Lily , Yuzhu, Houttuynia, Hill conch, Ligustrum lucidum, Lin dry grass, Huaishan medicine, Agrimony, trichosanthin, Ejiao, Zhimu, Cortex Lycii all 15 g, the Health and oysters 20 g, Sichuan Fritillaria, licorice 6 g.
5, Qiyinliangxu type of
Stem expectoration less Kesheng low, less blood or sputum, weight loss Shenjuan, dry mouth short gas, Mu Ming Mei loss, irritability palpitation, lack of Nacha, Shehong dry or Nenhong, moss or dry white moss, pulse - Fine. Feipi deficiency is certified, Shenyin exhausted. Zhiyi Yiqi Yin, Fuzheng addition plot. Shengmaisan side with a Liuweidihuang Decoction. Prescription: the Senate too, Gynostemma, Ganoderma lucidum, astragalus, dangshen, white tricks, Schisandra, Agrimony all 15 g, Ophiopogon japonicus, Fuling, Shude Huang, Cornel, Chinese wolfberry son, Huang Jing, Yuzhu, lily of the 15 g, Sheng-yi, Chinese yam, the Health and oysters all 25 g, bellflower, Cordyceps sinensis, and Sichuan Fritillaria, licorice all 6 g.
6, deficiency of yin and yang
Thinner dry mouth, Shenpi burnout, cold-Pa Leng, short-lazy statement, looking Wu Hua, short dark tongue, white or less moss Moss, Shen Fine veins. That this is bad virtual, and more from falling into Feiyin loss, and Yang Yin Sun, caused by deficiency of yin and yang. Yin and yang and to fill. Prescription: ginseng, psoralen, Curculigoside, Epimedium, meat from Chengdu, Cynomorium, Fuzi-all 10 g, astragalus, Schisandra, Chinese wolfberry son, jujube (to nuclear), Shude Huang, Cornel, Huang Jing, Yu - Bamboo, lily of the 15 g, Sheng-yi, Chinese yam, the Health and oysters all 25 g, licorice 6 g
Second, identify disease addition and subtraction
1, brain metastases: Canada centipede three defensive Palace, the Scorpion 6 g, Koto 20 g.
2, pleural effusion: Application Qingfei promoting blood circulation and Water Treatment: If Drabanemerosa hebecarpa-Ting, Cortex Mori, hirudin, stay-line, the Zeeland 10 g.
3, metastasis: Jia Kunbu, algae, Hill arrowhead,
4, bone metastases: Jiachuan Wu, Rhodojaponin, tetrandrine, swelling of the wind section 10 g, Scorpion 6 g.
5, cancer pain: Canadian Xu Changqing, Fuzi Health, the Health and Radix Aconiti 10 g.
6, cancer fever:, a combination安宫牛黄丸day two.
Third, for the prevention and perturbation
Although the disease can be no precise method of prevention, but to strengthen training and enhance capacity of the body resistance, to avoid carcinogenic factors to stimulate the long-term, it can reduce the incidence rate, has acknowledged smoking caused lung cancer is a more important factor Therefore, should actively publicize the dangers of smoking, promote smoking cessation. Tar, coal tar, chromium, which are caused by lung cancer, should avoid or reduce exposure. Ionizing radiation caused by lung cancer is also a factor, it should take certain protective measures. Pingsu to as much as possible so that patients feel cheerful, sometimes daily, maintaining indoor air fresh, warm attention to cold, Waixie prevent the passage of the lungs caused by lung secondary infection. Nianni diet to eat, the stimulation of spicy, eat more mushrooms, coixenolide, kelp, and other food.
1. Differential Treatment
General since the beginning of this disease for more than Xiedu phlegm and blood stasis pool in the lungs, focusing on evidence, not imaginary as weight, body upright Shangqiang through Treating, the condition can be improved. If not controlled, are Xiedu injury, pulmonary Spleen-Qi Deficiency, suppressed evil lack of power, Xiedu lung rumored to be further changed, or flow in the subcutaneous skin, or streamer on the viscera compartment, or in Zhijie bones, sex pulp loss Bone, on the nuisance or Xiedu-obsessed, and even fool-obsessed. Xusun increased consumption of gas blood injury, Shang Yin and Yang, if cut to meet Xingshou, "made from meat" Xusun failure of the disease, often indicates that patients have access to critical condition stage. As part of recurrence of lung cancer patients, can occur by the then Yang Qi, also graded for-blood deficiency, can show clinical lung splenorenal three of the dirty Qiyin the witness of the two injured, many indicate an extremely serious disease potential, poor treatment . In addition, "Tanreqing" often for lung cancer pathology evolution of the one aspect, the mechanism is more a result of heat caused by phlegm and blood stasis. Phlegm and blood stasis of the direct cause of heat is the result of Aikuai bronchial obstruction, resulting in poor drainage sputum, because of a secondary infection. If this transformation, clinical treatment, the cut-off approach must be taken, in order to achieve thermal control as quickly, to stop the rapid deterioration of the condition. Now at different stages of different clinical syndromes of treating as follows:
1. Evil plot of drug -
Cough more drama, Katan not easy, blood or sputum, Xiongxie pain, dark purple Shezhi, Moss thick veins string. This is the accumulation of Xiedu, phlegm and blood stasis gas stagnation. Zhiyi Ruanjiansanjie, detoxification Quxie. To use: Scutellaria barbata, Maozhao grass, the Health Committee with the theory 30 g, law Banxia, Melon, Prunella, cellular, Sunburn pangolins, Yang Shu-chuen, the 10 g, Sunburn Biejia 20 g. Xiedu Shing: Canada dry Toad clams Paper 6 g, Long Kwai grass, Sophora subprostrata, Selaginella, iron leaves the 10 g, partial heat: Canada bezoar 3 g, Hedyotis diffusa, see-through, Hibiscus leaves 20 g, partial Yinhan: Canadian Health Fuzi Health Radix Aconiti, the Health and Southern Star to 10 g.
2. Tanreqing Yu-lung
Impeded coughing, bloody sputum, chest tightness Xiongxie pain or shortness of breath, dry lips dry mouth, constipation big knot, or Anhong She Zhi-hong, Moss yellow, thin veins string or string. The permit for Ben Yu Lung-Qi, blood stasis Tanyong. Zhiyi Xuanfei Qi, Chu Tan Huayu. The use of gold Modified reed stems. Prescription: reed stems 30 g, Taoren, the Health coixenolide, Fuling, wax gourd-jen, Scrophulariaceae, trichosanthin, Shu-chuen, sheep, Zihuadeding, Sophora subprostrata, fleas off the 15 g, Zhejiang Fritillaria, Houttuynia, dandelion, wild Chrysanthemum, Hedyotis diffusa all 20 g, mulberry leaves, March 7, Cortex Lycii, Wan Chi, Kuan Donghua all 10 g, Shougong 5 g, law Banxia 12 g, Citrus, licorice all 6 g.
3, Qi Tan Shi -
Tanduo coughing, chest tightness short-and less-lazy statement, Nadai suffering from weight loss, abdominal distention it Tang. An Shezhi short or Danhong, a tooth-printed, Moss Baini, pulse Wenru or Waterloo. Lung-Qi is certified weak, and the mother of disease, loss of spleen-Yun, Tan Shi internal resistance. Air Jianpi Zhiyi, Chutan Sanjie. Side with the Senate Baishu Powder addition and subtraction. Prescription: Dangshen, the Health coixenolide all 20 g, Fuling, white tricks, Zhejiang Fritillaria, white lentils, fried pangolins (Xian Jian), the Senate too, Gynostemma, Ganoderma lucidum, astragalus, dangshen, white tricks, the 15 g Schisandra Yam 25 g, Hawthorn Coke, Coke Divine Comedy, Amomum villosum (after), the law Banxia all 10 g, Cordyceps sinensis, Citrus, bellflower, licorice all 6 g.
4, Yin-Tanreqing
Less cough sputum, or dry cough, Yangan discomfort, or Katan with Blood-streaked phlegm, chest full short breath, hot flashes night sweats, dizziness tinnitus, upset dry mouth, yellow urine, feces stem end. She Zhi-hong Jiang, moss-stripping or tongue-no moss, unable to clock a few strings. The permit for lung and kidney yin vacuity, guitar Tanreqing each other, Zhiyi Zishen Qingfei, Chutan heat. Prescription: Cortex Mori, Shengde Huang, Zhimu, Ophiopogon japonicus, Zhejiang Fritillaria, Biejia (Xian Jian), the Health coixenolide, Houttuynia, Nansha Senate and North Shashen, Yao Dong, Huang Jing, 100, Lily , Yuzhu, Houttuynia, Hill conch, Ligustrum lucidum, Lin dry grass, Huaishan medicine, Agrimony, trichosanthin, Ejiao, Zhimu, Cortex Lycii all 15 g, the Health and oysters 20 g, Sichuan Fritillaria, licorice 6 g.
5, Qiyinliangxu type of
Stem expectoration less Kesheng low, less blood or sputum, weight loss Shenjuan, dry mouth short gas, Mu Ming Mei loss, irritability palpitation, lack of Nacha, Shehong dry or Nenhong, moss or dry white moss, pulse - Fine. Feipi deficiency is certified, Shenyin exhausted. Zhiyi Yiqi Yin, Fuzheng addition plot. Shengmaisan side with a Liuweidihuang Decoction. Prescription: the Senate too, Gynostemma, Ganoderma lucidum, astragalus, dangshen, white tricks, Schisandra, Agrimony all 15 g, Ophiopogon japonicus, Fuling, Shude Huang, Cornel, Chinese wolfberry son, Huang Jing, Yuzhu, lily of the 15 g, Sheng-yi, Chinese yam, the Health and oysters all 25 g, bellflower, Cordyceps sinensis, and Sichuan Fritillaria, licorice all 6 g.
6, deficiency of yin and yang
Thinner dry mouth, Shenpi burnout, cold-Pa Leng, short-lazy statement, looking Wu Hua, short dark tongue, white or less moss Moss, Shen Fine veins. That this is bad virtual, and more from falling into Feiyin loss, and Yang Yin Sun, caused by deficiency of yin and yang. Yin and yang and to fill. Prescription: ginseng, psoralen, Curculigoside, Epimedium, meat from Chengdu, Cynomorium, Fuzi-all 10 g, astragalus, Schisandra, Chinese wolfberry son, jujube (to nuclear), Shude Huang, Cornel, Huang Jing, Yu - Bamboo, lily of the 15 g, Sheng-yi, Chinese yam, the Health and oysters all 25 g, licorice 6 g
Second, identify disease addition and subtraction
1, brain metastases: Canada centipede three defensive Palace, the Scorpion 6 g, Koto 20 g.
2, pleural effusion: Application Qingfei promoting blood circulation and Water Treatment: If Drabanemerosa hebecarpa-Ting, Cortex Mori, hirudin, stay-line, the Zeeland 10 g.
3, metastasis: Jia Kunbu, algae, Hill arrowhead,
4, bone metastases: Jiachuan Wu, Rhodojaponin, tetrandrine, swelling of the wind section 10 g, Scorpion 6 g.
5, cancer pain: Canadian Xu Changqing, Fuzi Health, the Health and Radix Aconiti 10 g.
6, cancer fever:, a combination安宫牛黄丸day two.
Third, for the prevention and perturbation
Although the disease can be no precise method of prevention, but to strengthen training and enhance capacity of the body resistance, to avoid carcinogenic factors to stimulate the long-term, it can reduce the incidence rate, has acknowledged smoking caused lung cancer is a more important factor Therefore, should actively publicize the dangers of smoking, promote smoking cessation. Tar, coal tar, chromium, which are caused by lung cancer, should avoid or reduce exposure. Ionizing radiation caused by lung cancer is also a factor, it should take certain protective measures. Pingsu to as much as possible so that patients feel cheerful, sometimes daily, maintaining indoor air fresh, warm attention to cold, Waixie prevent the passage of the lungs caused by lung secondary infection. Nianni diet to eat, the stimulation of spicy, eat more mushrooms, coixenolide, kelp, and other food.
The latest lung cancer therapy
The triple therapy for the treatment of lung cancer: (A), internal medicine: Self Qingfei Decoction: prescription: ginseng, Panax quinquefolium, bellflower, winter days, Zhimu, Lily, seven towers more than 30 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine, and other components. The author of lung cancer will be for the five-dialectic: the Spleen-Qi Deficiency-lung, lung-kidney yin deficiency, Qiyinliangxu-, gas-Lag Xueyu, heat-drug Chi Sheng. According to clinical performance, the person dialectical treatment of illness, respectively, to Oxfam, refused to Yidao points. (2), plaster, paste: a hard-paste type of Traditional Chinese Medicine paste treated - Huichun Ling plaster. The director of medical experience and learn from the best experts and scholars today, through repeated exploration and research developed from. Hui Chun Ling plaster to Health Radix Aconiti, such as Qingrejiedu of the tower. Kennedy swelling of soft-line pain medication. Supported Shanjia, safflower Relieving Blood Stasis, such as promoting blood circulation and to borneol musk, and other radio-channeling to Reply to drugs to infiltrate into the surface of tumor blood vessels in the tumor tissue to improve circulation. Dissolved and destruction of tumor tissue around the tumor and fiber lectin protein, tumor remission in patients with the party on the chemical nerve stimulation or physical oppression, to ease the pain, tumors can be dispersed. Plaster paste, the characteristics of drug absorbed through the skin, the nearest role in patients with locally to avoid the effect of oral drugs to be brought into full play. (C), injection drug targeting: The non-toxic effects without the side effects of drug injection in particular targeted way, it is to use the mechanism in place of meridians of the drug into specific points on the play and efficacy, acupuncture double , To reach Fuzheng evil, the active-purposes.
Individual treatment of lung cancer
21 of lung cancer treatment, are moving towards standardized, individual direction of the rapid advance of evidence-based medicine. The so-called individual treatment of lung cancer, which is developed by the special treatment strategy for a certain lung cancer patients. An individual's lung cancer treatment strategy, we must rely on clinical factors, but also to rely on functional genomics and functional proteomics factors.
Based on the clinical factors of individual treatment of lung cancer
Stages of lung cancer is one of the most important indicators of prognosis, it is also extremely important predictor of treatment. Based on the phased development of lung cancer treatment strategy is now recognized individual one of the basic standards of treatment. The end of 2005 "published by the Chinese lung cancer diagnosis and treatment guidelines" and the United States Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines lung cancer, the most commendable and most of the best part is that the principle of phased treatment and staging of the implementation details: Ⅰ, Ⅱ preferred surgical treatment of lung cancer, Ⅲ lung cancer need a multidisciplinary organic arrangements, Ⅳ lung cancer while systemic treatment such as chemical treatment or mainly targeted therapy.
In recent years carried out a large-scale clinical trial has clearly some clinical factors as predictors of prognosis. The easiest targets are in the physical state (PS) index and weight loss. If the PS> 2 or weight loss index> 5%, chemotherapy or radiation therapy greatly reduced, or even counterproductive.
A very interesting study, the United States, such as the U.S. eastern Hoang tumor Cooperation Group (ECOG) of the two large randomized controlled study ECOG1594 and ECOG5592 the establishment of clinical prediction model. 1436 cases of third-generation chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients entered the study, to screen a total of six independent prognostic factors: transfer of the skin, low PS, reduce appetite, liver metastases, four places and had not transferred the history of surgery . According to the researchers this six clinical factors predict the early establishment of governance in patients with NSCLC 1 to 2-year survival rate of model (Figure 1). Can be seen from the plan, six if there are negative factors, total as much as 216 points, corresponding to the one-year survival rate of only 0.6 percent. If only a transfer of the skin, compared with its integral 66 points, corresponding to the 1-year survival rate around 30 percent, 2-year survival rate of less than 10 percent. From this we can determine what the basic needs of patients with active anti-cancer therapy, which only patients with active support treatment.
Based on the clinical factors of individual treatment of lung cancer, although based on experience than simply the treatment has been a major step forward, but it is still not the real significance of the individual treatment. For example, Ⅰ lung cancer is a rather large groups, based on the principle of phased treatment groups use the same treatment strategy, there are still 20 percent to 30 percent of patients fail to survive more than five years, some patients actually receive the Is not the individual treatment.
Based on functional genomics and proteomics individual treatment of lung cancer
Each individual unique, because of its unique gene spectrum. Therefore, based on functional genomics and proteomics individual treatment of lung cancer, it is possible for us to tailor each of lung cancer patients, designed a unique, the best effect and minimum side effects of treatment.
Based on the molecular characteristics of tumors anti-cancer drug choice
Hailed as the past five years in the lung cancer study found that one of the most important thing is to determine the tyrosine kinase inhibitors gefitinib the target population for the East-smoking crowd in patients with adenocarcinoma. Our research suggests that China's human lung adenocarcinoma of the EGFR mutation rate was 34.1 percent, far higher than other types of lung cancer 5.7% (P <0.05). In fact, the Oriental people, women, non-smoking and adenocarcinoma of the four factors of EGFR mutations can be attributed to the molecular biology of this unique characteristics. Therefore, in accordance with EGFR mutation in the choice of suitable patients with lung cancer and gefitinib treatment of lung cancer is expected to make more individualized treatment.
Based on biological markers of chemotherapy options.
"Tailor" has been frequently and "chemotherapy" with the use. Tailor chemotherapy foundation, is based on biological markers of chemotherapy options. In the field of lung cancer, interesting is the ERCC1 and cisplatin, RRM1 and gemcitabine, β-tublin taxane drugs and the relationship between. In 2005 the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) annual meeting, Rosell report the first molecular markers based on the type of chemotherapy choice of prospective randomized controlled clinical study, ERCC1 with low expression of the two drugs cisplatin programme 56.6 percent have the highest response rate is very regrettable that, ERCC1 expression of non-platinum group only 37.7 percent of the programme is efficient, effective and do not show the results.
One of our adjuvant chemotherapy for stage Ⅲ randomized controlled clinical experiments (CSLC0201), on the β-tublin Ⅲ NSCLC in the forecast of adjuvant chemotherapy in value. Patients are complete with NSCLC, after supplemented with docetaxel Jiaka Platinum 4 cycle of chemotherapy. The results showed that the median time in the non-recurrence of β-tublin Ⅲ positive group only six months, the negative group was 26 months (P = 0.006); chemotherapy invalid group 66.7 percent of patients with β-tubulin Ⅲ positive, significantly higher than that Adjuvant chemotherapy effective group of 14.3% (P = 0.063).
In addition, RRM1 polymorphism also decided to gemcitabine resistance of the problem. Multi-drug resistance gene MDR-1 over-expression means that the doxorubicin and paclitaxel resistance.
Trap or a way out »
Functional genomics research people dazzling. Do we have reason to believe that the individual treatment of cancer era about to come »In fact, laboratory, clinical small sample of the findings and clinical application still exist between the great divide, to straddle this divide is not easy. Therefore, under the present circumstances, it is not appropriate to have a preliminary understanding easily applied to clinical practice. It can be said that the individual treatment of cancer, there are traps everywhere, there is a way out, the key lies in how the laboratory and clinical practice to fill the gap between.
Based on the clinical factors of individual treatment of lung cancer
Stages of lung cancer is one of the most important indicators of prognosis, it is also extremely important predictor of treatment. Based on the phased development of lung cancer treatment strategy is now recognized individual one of the basic standards of treatment. The end of 2005 "published by the Chinese lung cancer diagnosis and treatment guidelines" and the United States Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines lung cancer, the most commendable and most of the best part is that the principle of phased treatment and staging of the implementation details: Ⅰ, Ⅱ preferred surgical treatment of lung cancer, Ⅲ lung cancer need a multidisciplinary organic arrangements, Ⅳ lung cancer while systemic treatment such as chemical treatment or mainly targeted therapy.
In recent years carried out a large-scale clinical trial has clearly some clinical factors as predictors of prognosis. The easiest targets are in the physical state (PS) index and weight loss. If the PS> 2 or weight loss index> 5%, chemotherapy or radiation therapy greatly reduced, or even counterproductive.
A very interesting study, the United States, such as the U.S. eastern Hoang tumor Cooperation Group (ECOG) of the two large randomized controlled study ECOG1594 and ECOG5592 the establishment of clinical prediction model. 1436 cases of third-generation chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients entered the study, to screen a total of six independent prognostic factors: transfer of the skin, low PS, reduce appetite, liver metastases, four places and had not transferred the history of surgery . According to the researchers this six clinical factors predict the early establishment of governance in patients with NSCLC 1 to 2-year survival rate of model (Figure 1). Can be seen from the plan, six if there are negative factors, total as much as 216 points, corresponding to the one-year survival rate of only 0.6 percent. If only a transfer of the skin, compared with its integral 66 points, corresponding to the 1-year survival rate around 30 percent, 2-year survival rate of less than 10 percent. From this we can determine what the basic needs of patients with active anti-cancer therapy, which only patients with active support treatment.
Based on the clinical factors of individual treatment of lung cancer, although based on experience than simply the treatment has been a major step forward, but it is still not the real significance of the individual treatment. For example, Ⅰ lung cancer is a rather large groups, based on the principle of phased treatment groups use the same treatment strategy, there are still 20 percent to 30 percent of patients fail to survive more than five years, some patients actually receive the Is not the individual treatment.
Based on functional genomics and proteomics individual treatment of lung cancer
Each individual unique, because of its unique gene spectrum. Therefore, based on functional genomics and proteomics individual treatment of lung cancer, it is possible for us to tailor each of lung cancer patients, designed a unique, the best effect and minimum side effects of treatment.
Based on the molecular characteristics of tumors anti-cancer drug choice
Hailed as the past five years in the lung cancer study found that one of the most important thing is to determine the tyrosine kinase inhibitors gefitinib the target population for the East-smoking crowd in patients with adenocarcinoma. Our research suggests that China's human lung adenocarcinoma of the EGFR mutation rate was 34.1 percent, far higher than other types of lung cancer 5.7% (P <0.05). In fact, the Oriental people, women, non-smoking and adenocarcinoma of the four factors of EGFR mutations can be attributed to the molecular biology of this unique characteristics. Therefore, in accordance with EGFR mutation in the choice of suitable patients with lung cancer and gefitinib treatment of lung cancer is expected to make more individualized treatment.
Based on biological markers of chemotherapy options.
"Tailor" has been frequently and "chemotherapy" with the use. Tailor chemotherapy foundation, is based on biological markers of chemotherapy options. In the field of lung cancer, interesting is the ERCC1 and cisplatin, RRM1 and gemcitabine, β-tublin taxane drugs and the relationship between. In 2005 the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) annual meeting, Rosell report the first molecular markers based on the type of chemotherapy choice of prospective randomized controlled clinical study, ERCC1 with low expression of the two drugs cisplatin programme 56.6 percent have the highest response rate is very regrettable that, ERCC1 expression of non-platinum group only 37.7 percent of the programme is efficient, effective and do not show the results.
One of our adjuvant chemotherapy for stage Ⅲ randomized controlled clinical experiments (CSLC0201), on the β-tublin Ⅲ NSCLC in the forecast of adjuvant chemotherapy in value. Patients are complete with NSCLC, after supplemented with docetaxel Jiaka Platinum 4 cycle of chemotherapy. The results showed that the median time in the non-recurrence of β-tublin Ⅲ positive group only six months, the negative group was 26 months (P = 0.006); chemotherapy invalid group 66.7 percent of patients with β-tubulin Ⅲ positive, significantly higher than that Adjuvant chemotherapy effective group of 14.3% (P = 0.063).
In addition, RRM1 polymorphism also decided to gemcitabine resistance of the problem. Multi-drug resistance gene MDR-1 over-expression means that the doxorubicin and paclitaxel resistance.
Trap or a way out »
Functional genomics research people dazzling. Do we have reason to believe that the individual treatment of cancer era about to come »In fact, laboratory, clinical small sample of the findings and clinical application still exist between the great divide, to straddle this divide is not easy. Therefore, under the present circumstances, it is not appropriate to have a preliminary understanding easily applied to clinical practice. It can be said that the individual treatment of cancer, there are traps everywhere, there is a way out, the key lies in how the laboratory and clinical practice to fill the gap between.
订阅：
博文 (Atom)
博文
